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ch.31-33
ch.31-33 campbell biology
| root cap | Protects the root apical meris |
|---|---|
| root apical meristem | Cells that divide and produce new root cells; found at the tip of the growing root |
| root epidermis | Covering cells which cover the outside of and protect the root |
| root hairs | Extensions of the root epidermal cells which absorb water |
| root cortex | Most of the inner tissue of the root, serves as a food storage area |
| root endodermis | Innermost layer of the cortex, one cell thick, a selective barrier that determines what substances enter the vascular tissue and prevents backflow of water |
| root vascular cylinder | the innermost section of the root; contains the xyklem and phloem tissues |
| root xylem tissue | found in continuous length throughout root, stem, and leaves; transports water and minerals from root upward in the plant. Also aids in mechanical support for the plant |
| root phloem tissue | found in continuous length throughout root, stem, and leaves; transports dissolved sugar and other foods in the plant |
| root vascular cambium | Meristematic tissue which produces new xylem and phloem |
| root pericycle | produces lateral roots |
| zone of elongation | increase in cell length occurs here; this in turn increase the length of the root |
| zone of maturation | cells become specialized into epidermal, cortex, and vascular tissue here |
| cuticle | outer waxy coating of stem |
| Lenticles | young stem of a woody plant; once trees mature, they die and are replaced by bark |
| Nodes | Area on a stem where leaves and internodes are produced |
| axillary bud | are between a leaf and stem where a new branch forms |
| monocot seed leaves | one |
| monocot arrangement of flowering parts and veins in leaves | flower parts in multiples of 3; veins in leaves are parallel |
| monocot root type | fiberous |
| dicots seed leaves | two |
| dicots arrangement of flowering parts and veins in leaves | flower parts in mult of 4 and 5; veins in leaves are branched |
| dicots root type | taproot |
| stem epidermis | protection of water loss |
| stem vascular cambium | meristematic cells that produce new xylem and phloem - increses the stem diameter |
| pith | at the center of the stem and fills in that area. Food storage site |
| mesophyll | found in the leaf; contains chloroplasts where photosynthesis takes place |
| stomata (stoma) | found in the leaf and epidermis. Allow for gas exchange with outside environment and for water evaporation in transpiration |
| cork | Protection of stem |
| transpiration | water loss through the stomata |
| trace movement of water from root hair to evaporation through the leaf | . root hair--cortex--endodermis--pericycle--root xylem--stem xylem--leaf xylem--air spaces in leaf--stomata--evaporation |
| how does water get to the tops of trees | 6. You might say it "grows there". The strings of water molecules are maintained during the nongrowing season. As the tree grows in height, it literally pulls the water molecules along with it. Thus, it does not start anew each season. |
| pressure flow theory pt 1 | Sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes. This increase in dissolved material in the cells draws in water (by osmosis). The increased amount of water creates a buildup of pressure which pushes the fluids into the next cell in the tube. |
| Pressure flwo theory pt 2 | In the sink, the sucrose is unloaded by active transport for storage or used in the surrounding tissue. |
| 3 parts of a seed | embryo, endosperm and zygote |
| seed embryo and its 3 parts | forms from zygote by a series of mitotis divisions; 3 parts: cotyledon, epicotyl and hypocotyl |
| seed endosperm | stored food that nourishes the embryo until the plant can produce its own food by photosynthesis |
| seed coat | outer covering that protects the embryo and sndosperm |
| pistil | female reproductive organ of a flower. contains an ovary at its base |
| megaspores | formed after meiosis occurs with in the ovary and forms these 4 spores. 3 die and 1 becomes a female gametophyte (egg sac) |
| Stamen | male reproductive organ of a flower |
| microspores | meiosis occurs in the stamen to make a numerous amount of these. these become pollen grains |
| pollen grains | |
| sequence of angiosperm life cycle, starting from seed germination | Germination of seed--growth of epicotyl&hypocotyl--differentiation of tissues into adult plant--production of spores by meiosis--production of gametes--fertilization--Dvlpmt of zygote into embryo |
| Auxins - major function and where they are produced/found in a plant | Stimulate stem elongation; Phototropism, gravitropism (geotropism), apical dominance (inhibit lateral bud growth), and promote fruit formation; produced in in plant meristems of apical buds; embryo |
| cytokines major function and where they are produced/found in a plant | Stimulate cell division and growth;Promotes growth in size, differentiation, retards aging; produced in roots |
| Gibberellins major function and where they are produced/found in a plant | Germination of seed and bud; stem elongation;Promotes increase in height. Breaks dormancy and stimulates seed and bud growth in spring; found in Buds, roots, and seeds |
| ABA major function and where they are produced/found in a plant | inhibit growth. closes stomata and helps maintain dormancy; found in leaves, stems, roots and green fruits |
| ethylene major function and where they are produced/found in a plant | promote fruit ripening, opposes some auxin effects;made by Ripening fruit |
| phototropsin | It is the growth of plants in response to the direction from which light is coming |
| what is Apical dominance | the growth of only the central stem. With the inhibition of lateral buds, all plant resources are devoted to elongation (growth) of the main stem. |
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