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Evolution Questions
Microevolution Test #1 - Retake
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1)Explain microevolution | Microevolution (natural selection) is a small scale evolutionary phonomena where changes occur in a populaiton in a relatively short time. For example, within several generations. |
| 2)What is differential survival? What causes it? | Some organisms have a better chance of surviving, mating and passing on their genes than other organisms do; competition for limited resources |
| 3)What is an adaptation and how does it affect natural selection? | A genetic variation of a trait that provides an advantage to an organism in a particular environment and is favored by natural selection |
| 4)Why are some individuals more likely to pass their genes on to the next generation? | Individuals with more favorable phenotypes are more likely to survive and produce more offspring |
| 5)Are phenotypic variations caused by the environment? Explain. | No, they occur through random changes in the DNA and through new gene combinations |
| 6)What is the relationship between the words "selected", "fit", and "unfit"? | Org with the fav adapt are being slct and these org are said to be fit. Org that do not have the fav adapt are being slct agnst and they are said to be unfit. If org is fit, it will reprod more than an unfit org and therefore pass on more of its genes |
| 7)What is differential reproductive success, and how is it related to natural selection? | Not all organisms pass on the same exact genes. Inherited favorable variations tend to become more and more common from one generation to the next |
| 8)How is evolutionary fitness measured? | By reproductive success. |
| 9)How does the stability or instability of the environment affect evolution? | It affects the rate and direction of evolution; different genetic variations can be selected in each generation |
| 10)How do genetic variation and mutation play a role in natural selection? | A diverse gene pool plays an importance for the survival of a species in a changing environment. The more diverse a gene pool, the more likely at least some of the organisms will have a favorable adaptation if the environment changes drastically |
| 11)Does a genotype ALWAYS affect natural selection? Explain. | No; but changes in genotype may affect phenotype subject to natural selection |
| 12)What is the relationship between sickle cell anemia and natural selection? | Genetic changes that enhance survival and reproduction can be selected by environmental conditions like sickle cell anemia. |
| 13)Define natural selection in one sentence. | Interaction between variations and the environment that causes some organisms to be fit and others to be unfit. |
| 14)List the 5 premises of Darwin's Theory of Evolution. | 1)Organisms beget like organisms 2)In most species, the number of organisms in each generation that survive and reproduce is small 3)In any given population, there are variations among individual organisms. 4)Natural selection is the mechanism |
| 15)Explain the mechanism (describe the process) that leads to evolutionary change. | Natural selection "selects" those characteristics that are most suitable to the environment. Individuals that have those characteristics are more likely to mate and pass on the genes that cause that characteristic. |
| 16a)Explain how natural selection occurred in the peppered moth. b. insecticide resistance in insects c. drug resistance in bacteria | The light moths used to be camouflaged until the trees began turning a darker color so then the dark moths began reproducing more and more dark moths were being made. |
| 17)Define industrial melanism. | The tendency for dark-colored forms to replace light-colored forms. |
| 18)Compare and contrast the five different kinds of natural selection. In your discussion, be sure to explain an example of each kind. | Directional selection is the result in an increase in the proportion of individuals with an extreme phenotypic characteristic. An example would be industrial melanism in moths where the dark moths grew in population over time. Disruptive selection |
| 19)Name 3 ways that humans impact evolution in other species. | Artificial selection, loss of genetic diversity within a crop species, and overuse of antibiotics. |
| 20)Explain 2 examples of how natural selection favors innate and learned behaviors that increase survival and reproductive fitness. | Mammals use territorial markings and if one animals territory is larger than the other then they are more likely to get the female, reproduce and pass on their genes. Another is coloration in flowers. This helps by attracting bees to them and then the |
| 21)Explain 2 examples of how cooperative behavior tends to increase the fitness of the individual and the survival of the population. | Innate and learned behaviors in animals would be an example of migration patterns. By birth some animals know that at a certain time every season they will migrate with the rest of the pack. Another example is when they learn to avoid electric fences, |
| 22)Explain 2 examples of how cooperative behavior tends to increase the fitness of the individual and the survival of the population. | Animals increase their fitness by being in packs. It is hard for a predator to hunt a prey if there is a heard of them and he can't tell one from the rest. |
| 23)Give 2 examples of how genetic diversity sometimes allows individuals in a population to respond differently to the same changes in environmental conditions. | An ex: of an animal responding differently than their pop. would be not all the animals in a pop stampede. One may have inherited genes that told him to stay. Another ex: is that not all indiv break out in disease due to being immune or resistant to it. |
| 24)How do innate behaviors differ from learned behaviors? | Innate behaviors are behaviors that are inherited. Learning behaviors occur through interactions with the environment and other organisms. |
| 25)Explain 3 responses to information and communication of information are vital to natural selection. | Hibernation is triggered when the weather begins to get colder. Migration also occurs when the temperature outside gets cooler. Courtship is triggered when mating season starts and the females begin to look for a male to mate with. |
| 16b)Explain how natural selection occurred in insecticide resistance in insects | Most citrus eating insects could not close their spiracles. Then farmers started spraying poison to kill them and the insects who could close their spiracles lived and passed on that trait. |
| 16c)Explain how natural selection occurred in drug resistance in bacteria. | Most bacteria were not resistant to antibiotics until agar was flushed with penicillin. The the ones that were resistanct survived and passed on that gene. |
| 1)Explain macroevolution | Macroevolution is descent with modification, a process of change through time. When looking at the big picture it is a result of long term natural selection |
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barcalonalover
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