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Biology final exam13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function of the circulatory system? | To transport materials nutrients,oxygen,CO2 |
| Liquid part of blood/55% of the blood? | Plasma |
| What is the scientific name for red blood cells? | Eurethrocytes |
| Lack of oxygen to the body cells is called? | Anemia |
| Hand sized organ that stores red blood cells until their needed? | Spleen |
| White blood cells? | Luekocytes |
| Platelets are called? | Thrombocytes/Help blood to clot |
| What are four different blood types? | A,AB,B,O |
| What type of blood is the universal donor?? | Type O blood |
| What type of blood is the universal recipent? | AB |
| What factor is based on the absence or presence of RH?? | RH factor |
| Protective sac around the heart? | Pericardium |
| Outermost layer of the heart? | Epicardium |
| Actual heart muscle? | Myocardium |
| Lining of the heart chambers? | Endocardium |
| How many chambers does a human heart have? | 4 |
| How many atria does the heart have? | 2 |
| How many ventricles are in the heart? | 2 |
| Thick wall that divides the ventricles? | Septum |
| What are the valves that close off the atria and the ventricles?? | 2 Atrioventricular (AV) |
| Valves that close pulmonary and aortic? | 2 Semilunar (halfmoon) valves |
| Another name for veins?? | Vena Cava |
| What Vena Cava are in the upper body? | Supperior |
| What Vena Cava Are for the lower body? | Inferrior |
| Blood FROM lungs travels through these?? | Pulmonary veins |
| Blood flows Away from lungs through these?? | Pulmonary arteries |
| Blood flows to body tissue from?? | Aorta |
| Explain the path of blood?? | 1.Body tissue 2.Right Atrium. 3. right ventricle. 4.Lungs. 5.Left atrium 6.Left ventricle 7.Aorta 8.Body tissue |
| Contraction of the heart? | Systole |
| Heart relaxes and fills with blood? | Diastole |
| What is normal blood pressure? | 120/80 |
| What is high blood pressure? | Hypertension 140/90 |
| What are the symptoms of a heart attack? | Chest pain,sweat,weakness,nausa |
| What are small arteries? | Arterioles |
| Small veins are called?? | Venules |
| Pulmonary circulation is to the? | Lungs |
| Systemic circulations is to the? | Body tissue |
| Coronary is to the ? | Heart |
| Renal is to the ? | Kidneys |
| Partal is to the? | Digestive system and liver |
| What is the function of the lympahtic system? | To protect against disease/Transport excess fluid from body tissue |
| What is the excess fluid that surrounds cells? | Lymph |
| Mass of tissue along lymph vessels is called? | Lymph nodes |
| What are the function of lymph nodes? | To filter foreign matter from lymph/Serve as base for luekocytes |
| Large cells that ingest foriegn substances? | Macrophage |
| A reaction by the body that injests foreign substances is called?? | Immunity |
| Y-shaped cells that nutralize a pathogen and mark it for destruction? | Antibodies |
| Cells that stay in the body to be divided when needed are called?? | Memory t cells |
| Immunity by encounter with a pathogen? | Acquired Immunity |
| Immunity by your body producing atibodies and memory cells? | Active Immunity |
| Immunity by recieving someone elses memory t cells? | Passive Immunity |
| Stimulates body to develop immunity? | Vaccine |
| Blood extracts that contain antibodies against a specific pathogen | Serum |
| The body reacting to a harmless foreign substance | Allergy |
| Releases when contact with an allergen is made;causes reaction | Histamine |
| Drug that prevents the realease of histamine | Antihistamine |
| 2 brown shaped organs in the back/ Filter waste through blood | Kidneys |
| Sphereical container that captures water and dissolved material? | Baumans Capsule |
| Waste removed by kidney? | Urine |
| Bladder where urine is stored? | Urniary bladder |
| Where urine exits the body? | Urethra |
| Filtration of blood with acallophane membrane? | Dialysis |
| The nerveous system containing the brain/spinal cord? | Central nerveous system |
| 3 layer protective layer that covers the brain and spinal cord? | Meninges |
| Clear fluid that circulates throguh meninges and cushions brain? | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| nerve cells are called? | Nuerons |
| Branched extensions of a cell body;recieve impulses and direct them Toward the cell body? | Dendrites |
| Long extension;carrys impulses AWAY from the cell? | Axon |
| White fatty covering of axons? | Myelin sheath |
| Cell bodies without myelin? | gray matter |
| myelin covered axons? | White matter |
| Junction between axon of one nureon and dendrite of another nueron? | Synapse |
| Nuerons that that transmit form sense organs to CNS? | Sensory nuerons |
| Transmit between nuerons? | Internuerons |
| Transmit CNS to other body parts? | Motor neurons |
| Quick atuomatic response? /Decision is made by spinal cord not brain. | Reflex |
| Cerebrum controls? | Memory voluntary actions,thinking. |
| Brain has how many hemispheres? | 2 |
| Line that seperates left hemisphere from right hemisphere? | Longitudinal fissure |
| Cerebellum controls? | Balance ,coordination/ more conveluted than the cerebrum |
| What does the medula oblongata control? | Breathing heartbeat,blood pressure,swallowing/lowest part of the brain |
| Senses pain temp,touch,presure in the skin? | Cutaneous recepters |
| sense bitter,sour,salty,umami,in the tongue? | Taste buds |
| After a short period where smell sensors become insensitive is called? | Accomodation |
| eardrum is called? | Tympanic membrane |
| Three bones in the inner ear? | Maleus,Incus,Stapes |
| Small snail shaped structure that senses vibrationsand generates nerve impulses? | Cochlea |
| white of the eye is called?? | The sclera. it maintains the eyes shape. |
| transparent front portion of the sclera? | Cornea |
| the middle eye is called? | Choroid |
| The colored part of the eye is the? | Iris |
| Where light enters the eye? | Pupil |
| Cells that allow us to see in color? | Cone cells |
| Cells that are sensitive to dim light in the eyes? | Rod cells |
| Part of retina where vision is clearest? | Fovea |
| Focuses sight? | Lense |
| Curvature changes in the eye? | Accomodation |
| Glands that produce tears? | Lacrimal glands |
| Nearsightedness? | Myopia |
| Farsightedness? | Hyperopia |
| farsightedness from old age? | Presbyopia |
| Incorrectly curved cornia;blurs vision? | Astigmatism |
| Clouded lenses? | Cataracts |
| Excessive pressure on the retina is called? | Glaucoma |
| What body system deposits hormones into the blood stream? | The endocrine system |
| Chemical messengers produced by the endocrine glands and transported in the bloodstream to other parts of the body? | Hormones |
| Master gland? | Pituitary gland |
| Hormone in the master gland that regulates growth? | Somotropin |
| Organ that produces thyroxin? | Thyroid |
| What is thyroxin? | Controls body's metabolism and development. |
| Clumps of glands in pancreas? | Islets of Langerhans |
| What stimulates the conversion of glucose onto glycogen and lowers blood sugar? | Insulin |
| What raises blood sugar? | Glucogen |
| Disorder that causes low blood sugar? | Hypoglycemia |
| Disorder that causes low insulin;high blood sugar? | Diabitis mellitus |
| Glands located on the top of the kidneys? | Adrenal glands |
| Hormone produced by the adrenal glands? | Adrenaline/epinephrine |
| Gland located between cerebral hemispheres in brain that regulate sleeping and waking? | Pineal gland |
| Hormone that induces sleep? | Meletonin |
| Reproductive glands? | Gonads |
| Testostarone? | Male |
| Estrogen? | Female |
Created by:
Kyle Witt
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