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theory of evolution
practice evolution vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| gradual change in a species over time | evolution |
| any trace or remain of an organism preserved by a natural process that provides clues about past organisms, environments, and history of life | fossils |
| simple single-cell organisms; over 3 billon years ago | first organisms |
| last individual of a species has died | extinction |
| best evidence that evolution has occured | fossil record |
| branching diagram that shows relatioships between organisms | phylogenic tree |
| the organism that evolved into others | common ancestor |
| studying structural similarities and differences between species | comparative anatomy |
| structures that have the same structures but different functions | homologous |
| structures that have the same function but different structures | analogous |
| remanants of ancestral structures, may be reduced in size, provides information about the past | vestigial |
| similarities in development | embryological |
| similarities in DNA, RNA, amino acid sequences, and proteins | comparative biochemistry |
| proposed ida that organisms need to adapt to changing environments; body parts used more efficiently will be better adapted and will be passed on to offspring | Lamarck |
| evolution is controlled by changes in the environment. Individuals that can survive and reproduce can pass on beneficial traits to future generations | natural selection |
| individuals are born with characteristics to help it survive and live long enough to reproduce. They have the ability to cope with environmental changes | survival of the fittest |
| some species produce more offspring than can survive. Only those more fit will live long enough to reproduce | overproduction |
| the struggle for the necessities of life, such as food, shelter, etc. | competition |
| slight differences among individuals of a species; due to mutations or sexual reproduction | variation |
| variations that have become advantageous traits to help it survive and reproduce | adaptation |
| adaptations that involve the body of an organism | structural |
| adaptations that involve an organism's metabolism | physiological |
| adaptation that helps an organisms blend into the environment | camouflage |
| adaptation that shows predators or prey that they are dangerous | warning coloration |
| adaptation that allows one organims to resemble another to gain a survival advantage | mimicry |
| favorable adaptations accumulate and may result in a new species | speciation |
| group of organisms of the same species living in the same area and capable of reproducing | population |
| random change in DNA; if beneficial, may increase the chance of survival | mutation |
| sorting and recombining of genes during meiosis and fertilization; increase variation; sexual reproduction | genetic recombination |
| when organisms move into or out of areas and take traits with them | migration |
| the chance, in a small population, that an organism with a favorable variation is lost | genetic drify |
| anything that prevents to groups within a species from interbreeding | isolation |
| popuation is divided by a natural barrier | geographic isolation |
| loss of the ability of two groups to interbreed; may lead to speciation | reproductive isolation |
| linked to changes in the environment | rate of evolution |
| belief that evolution occurs slowly and continuously over millions of years | gradualism |
| belife that species stay the same over millions of years, but then rapid evolution occurs in relation to an environmental change | punctuated equilibrium |
Created by:
aeckert
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