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biology- year 11
biology terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Habitat | The place in which an organism lives |
| vascular | Relates to having specialised conducting or transport tissues |
| Adventitious | Relates to roots that grow from stems |
| Phytohormones | Plant growth substances |
| Lignotubes | Large woody rootstock |
| Epicormic buds | Buds that lie under the bark of some plants |
| epiphytes | Aerial plants |
| emergent | Rising above, as in emergent plants rising above water |
| substratum | Rock layer or bedrock under the organism |
| holdfasts | Structures that anchor many seaweeds to the substratum |
| buoyancy | The upward force that allows bodies to foal or be suspended |
| Absorbance spectrum | The degree to which water absorbs light |
| pneumatophores | Aerial roots |
| Bioinformatics | Developments in computer technology that use techniques from applied mathematics and biological problems.statistics to solve |
| Holistic | An overall view that takes into account more than just the parts together |
| Zonation | Horizontal differences in abiotic conditions that give rise to distinctive zones. transec Cross section across an area |
| Stratification | Vertical differences in abiotic conditions giving rise to layers or strata. |
| Quantitate | Measurements that can be quantified- expressed in units. |
| Qualitative | Descriptions that do not involve measurements |
| Geographic distribution | Is the spread of species due to their tolerance limits |
| Physiological stress | Stress caused when an organism experiences conditions outside its tolerance range. |
| Optimum range | A narrow range within the tolerance range where a organism functions best. |
| biotic | Factors that are to do with the presence or absence of other living things that affect and organism. |
| Abiotic | Physical and chemical factors such as temperature or light intensity |
| Biomes | Areas of the earth linked by a common feature |
| biosphere | Layer of the earth, including waters, lower atmosphere and soil, which supports life. |
| Adaptations | Structural, physiological, behavioural and reproductive characteristics enable organisms to obtain their requirements and increase the chance of survival of the individual or the species. |
| Biota | Life forms |
| Homeostasis | Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment |
| Receptor | A structure that detects a stimulus or signal |
| Stimulus | A condition or signal that causes a response |
| Feedback mechanisms | A mechanism in which the output or response affects the input or stimulus |
| Isotonic | Bodily fluids of same concentration as sea water |
| aestivation | Dormancy in some animals during periods of drought |
| diapause | Temporary suspension of bodily development and growth in response to adverse conditions |
| Upper critical temperature | Is the external temperature at which the body’s cooling mechanism fail to keep the body temperature stable. |
| Lower critical temperature | The external temperature at which the metabolic rate begins to rise |
| hibernate | Undergo a period of dormancy over long periods of cold conditions |
| Countercurrent | A current that flows in the opposite direction to another current |
| radiation | Is the transfer of heat from a hot body or object to a cooler one by means of infra-red waves. |
| Evaporation | Is the process by which water changes from a liquid to vapour. |
| Convection | Is the transfer of heat by means of warmed air or water by being replaced by cooler air or water. |
| Conduction | Is the transfer of heat energy from a hotter object to a cooler object with in contact |
| poikilothermic | Animals that cannot control their own body temperature and relies on surroundings for body heat control. |
| Homeothermic | An animal that can maintain a relatively constant temperature |
| Ectotherms | Absorbs heat from external sources |
| Endotherms | Can control own body temperature |
| Ductless glands | Glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream directly |
| Autonomic system | Part of the peripheral nervous system that deals with involuntary control |
| Somatic system | The part of the peripheral nervous system associated with voluntary control |
| Neurotransmitters | Chemicals that transmit or carry a nerve impulse across the synapse |
| Synapse | Gaps between the nerve endings |
| Impulses | Electrical signals that pass along a nerve |
| Myelin | Whitish fatty material cranium Bony skull |
| Sensory neurones | Carry the message from source of stimulation to the CNS |
| Motor neurones | Carry the message from the CNS to the effectors |
| Intimate association | A relationship in which one organism lives inside another |
| Obligatory association | Members of two species that cannot survive without each other |
| Seed disperser | An animal that forages and disperses seeds |
| Pollinators | Pollinate a range of different species |
| association | A relationship or interaction between species |
| Mutualism | A relationship that exists between organisms of different species and that benefits both and harms neither |
| endoparasite | Lives inside the tissue of its host |
| Ectoparasite | Is an organism that lives on the surface of another and obtains food from the host |
| parasitism | The parasite benefits and the host is harmed |
| symbiosis | Is the general term used to describe the relationship in which individuals of two or more different species live and in which at least one the species benefits. |
| Seed predators | Affect the rate of germination and consequently the renewal of forests |
| Counter adaptations | Adaptations that allow prey to avoid predators |
| Frass | The faeces of insects |
| Coexistence | Living together |
| Coevolved | The evolving and adapting together of species |
| surplus killing | Killing rampage/ mass killing of a species |
| interspecific | Relationships between members of different species |
| Intraspecific | Relationships between members of the same species |
| Competition | An interaction of organisms which have the same requirements and are rivals for those resources |
| Dominant species | the most common or most obvious species in a particular community |
| Community | The sum of all living organisms living in a habitat at a particular time |
| Interactions | Interplay or association between organisms of the same or different species |
| osmoconformers | An organism for which the internal concentration of solutions is generally the same as that of the external solutions |
| hypotonic | Their bodily fluids are of lower concentration compared with surroundings |
| Osmoregulators | The process whereby osmosis is involved in the regulation of water in the body |
| commensalism | A relationship in which only one benefits. |
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gra0042
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