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Benchmark #1 Spring
Benchmark #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the two enzymes used in genetic engineering. | restriction enzymes and DNA ligase |
| What is a polypeptide? | A chain of amino acids, that can be a protein, or combined with other chains to be a protein. |
| Gene linkage explains why alleles do not always follow Mendel’s Law of ? | Independent Assortment |
| : DNA from two different organisms or species is called _______ DNA | recombinant DNA |
| What is USED to perform bioremediation? | genetically engineered bacteria that “eat” oil |
| True or false? Diabetes is treated with gene therapy. | False. It is treated with insulin made by bacteria. Gene therapy involves introduction of a healthy gene into an individual. |
| : Which is not a type of substitution mutation? (a) insertion (b) silent (c) nonsense (d) all are substitutions | (a) insertion is a type of frameshift, not substitution |
| What is the general name for anything that causes a mutation? | Mutagen |
| For a mutation to be passed on to offspring, it must _________________ | be in a gamete, or reproductive cell |
| When do chromosomal mutations occur? | meiosis (crossing-over) |
| Gametes are made by ___ and they are ___ A.mitosis, haploid B.mitosis, diploid C.meiosis, haploid D.meiosis, diploid | C. Gametes are haploid, and made by meiosis |
| Name four processes in the nitrogen cycle. | ammonification, nitrification, nitrogen fixation, denitrification |
| An active site is found on a(n) ______ which functions to lower ________ ________ | enzyme, activation energy |
| The enzyme that helps build the complementary side of a new DNA molecule is ____ _____ | DNA polymerase |
| A closed loop of DNA in a bacterial cell is a ______ | plasmid |
| In gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments move from _____ electrode to _____ electrode, and _________ pieces move the farthest | negative, positive, small |
| What is the original source of Bt toxin? | made from a gene found in bacteria |
| What is a SNP? | Single nucleotide polymorphism |
| When a gene is purposely turned “off”, as in the case of the obese mouse, it is known as gene _____________ | knockout |