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Human Biology unit10
The 12 Body Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a tissue? | A collection of cells that are similar in structure and that work together to perform a particular function |
| What are the 4 types of tissues? | muscle, nervous, epithelial and connective |
| What are muscle tissues? | tissues composed of ceels that can contract |
| What are the three types of muscle tissues? | The skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle |
| What does the skeletal muscles do? | moves the bones in your trunk, limbs and face |
| What does the smooth muscles do? | handles body functions that you cannot control consciously |
| What does the cardiac muscles do? | found in your heart, pumps blood through your body |
| What are nervous tissues? | tissues that contains cells that recieve and transmit messages in the form of electrical pulses |
| What are neurons? | specialized cells that send and receive messages throughout the body |
| What are epithelial tissues? | tissues that are consist of layers of cells that line or cover all internal and external body surfacesWhat |
| What are connective tissues? | tissues that binds, supports and protects structures in the body |
| What is an organ? | various tissues that work together to carry out a specific function |
| Name 12 systems. | The skeletal, muscular, integumentary, cardiovascular, respiratory, immune, digestive, excretory, nervous, endocrine and the reproductive |
| What is the muscular system & its function? | muscles - moves substances through body |
| What is the integumentary system & its function? | skin, hair, nails - protects against pathogens |
| What is the cardiovascular system & its function? | heart, blood vessels, blood - transports nutrients and wastes to and from all body tissues |
| What is the respiratory system & its function? | air passages, lungs - carries air into and out of the lungs, where gases are exchanged |
| What is the immune system & its function? | lymph nodes and vessels, white blood cells - provides protection agianst infection and disease |
| What is the digestive system & its function? | mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small and large intestines - stores and breaks down food, absorbs nutrients and eliminates waste |
| What is the excretory system & its function? | kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, skin, lungs - eliminates waste and maintains water and chemical balance |
| What is the nervous system & its function? | brain, spinal cord, nerves sense organs, receptors - help monitor and maintain other body systems, controls and coordinates body movements and senses |
| What is the endocrine system & its function? | glands, hypothalamus, heart, stomach and other organs - maintains homeostasis, regulates metabolism, growth, behavior, development, and reproduction |
| What is the reproductive system & its function? | ovaries, uterus - produces eggs and milk in femals, sperm in males, and offspring after fertilization |
| What is the skeletal system & its function? | bones - provide structure, supporst and protects internal organs |
| What are the five body cavities? & explain. | The cranial cavity = brain. The spinal cavity surrounds the spinal cord. The thoracic cavity = heart,esophagus and the organs of the respiratory system. abdominal cavity = the digestive system organs. pelvic cavity = reproductive & excretory system or |
| What is the epidermis? | The outer layer of skin, composed of many sheets of flattenes, scaly epithelial cells |
| What is the dermis? | the inner layer of skin, composed of living cells |
| What are the three glands in the integumentary system? | exocrine glands: release secrextions through ducts sweat glands: released excess water, salts and urea oil glands: secrete fatty substances |
| What is the lymphatic system & its function? | the lymph, lymph nodes, and lymph vessels |
| What are the two systems that make up the circulatory system? | The cardiovascular system and the lymphanic system |
| What is the upper & lower chamber of the heart? | upper: atrium lower: venticle |
| What ever valves? | flaps of tissue that open in only one direction |
| What is the sinotrial node? (SA) | a group of specialized heart muscle cells located in the right atrium |
| What are arteries? | large, muscular vessels that carry blood away from the heart (artery=away) |
| What are capillaries? | a network of tiny vessels |
| What are veins? | large blood vessels that carries blood to the heart |
| Pulmonay sytem = ? | lungs |
| systemic system = ? | heart and all other body tissues |
| What is lymph? | excess fluid in the tissues |
| What four things make up blood? | 90% plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets |
| What are antibodies? | Proteins that help destory substances |
| What are phagocytes? | cells that engulf invading microorganisms |
| What is an antigen? | a sunstance that stimulates an immune respose |
| What is external respiration? | exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood |
| What is internal respiration? | exchange of gases between the blood and cells of the body |
| What is the pharynx? | the opening of the back of the throt, leads to trachea |
| What is the trachea? | a windpipe that allows air to come in |
| What is a bronchi? | leads to lungs |
| What is the larynx? | the voicebox |
| What are the parts of the small intestine? | (DJI) Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum |
| What do hemoglobin do? | transport oxygen |
| What are red blood cells? | cells that transfer oxygen to cells in all parts of the body |
| What are white blood cells? | cells that help defend the body against disease |
| What are bronchioles? | smallest of bronchi tubes |
| What are alveolis? | tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles |
| What are pathogens? | agents that causes disease and infections |
| What are the three ways to transmit HIV? | sexual intercourse, mother to daughter and sharing of blood/needles |
| The three lines of defenses are .. | 1st is skin. Oils. Tears. 2nd is white blood cells that engulf the pathogens. 3rd is the b and t cells. |
| What are the four blood types? | A,B,AB,O UNIVERSAL donor = AB |
| What is inspiration? | process of taking air into the lungs |
| What is expiration? | process of releasing air from the lungs |
| hepatic = | liver |
| coronary = | heart |
| renal = | kidney |
| pulmonary = | lungs |
| systemic = | body tissues |
| What are vaccines? | dead pathogen or weakened |
| What makes up a neuron? | dendrites, an axon,, an axon terminal, myelin sheath, nodes of ranvier |
| What are the five endocrine glands? | Pineal gland: regulates sleep pattern Adrenal: "fight-or-flight" thyroid : metabolism & development thymus: Tcell maturation pituitary: growth pancreas" deals with diabetics |
| What do memory B cells do? | make antibodies |
| What do T cells do? | Help to aid B cells |
| B & T cells are named because of what? | B = bone cells T = thyroid |
| What are hypertensions? | conditions of high blood pressure |
| What are the five receptors? | mechano - movement, pressure & tension photo - variations in light chemo - chemicals thermo- change in temperature pain receptors - tissue damage |
| What are the 2 main division of the nervous system? | the central nervous system and the peripheral |
| What are neurotransmitters? | chemical substances that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse |
| What does the bile do? | break down fats |
| What is a microvilli? | extensions of the cell membranes present on the villi |
| What is a villi? | present of many folds within the lining of the small intestine |
| What is another word for the large intestine? | the colon |
| What does autoimmune mean? | When the body attacks itself |
| What are the 3 major blood vessels? | Veins, arteries, capillaries, |
| What are the six basic nutrients? | carbohydrates = sugar proteins = one or more chains of amino acids lipids = fat vitamins minerals water |
| WHat is the ball of food? | The bolus |
| The six groups of the food traingle are... | meat, milk, fruits, vegetables, bread/grain, and fat/oil/sweets |
| What are nephrons? | the functional units of the kidneys |
| What are antigens? | substances that stimulates an immune response |
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