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Other Comp
MAMC exam 9 other complications of pregnancy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| teratogens | agents in the fetal environment that either cause or increase the likelihood that a birth defect will occur. most agents cross the placenta & affect the developing fetus |
| types of teratogens | infection ionizing radiation maternal hyperthermia pollutants effects of maternal disorders (diabetes, PKU) |
| mechanical disruptions | forces that interfere with normal prenatal development |
| maternal effects of smoking | decreased placental perfusion anemia PROM pretuerm labor spontaneous abortion |
| fetal effects of smoking | prematurity low birth weight fetal demise developmental delays increased incidence of SIDS neurologic problems |
| maternal effects of marijuana | often used with other drugs increased incidence of anemia & inadequate weight gain |
| fetal effects of marijuana | irritability tremors sleep problems sensitivity to light |
| maternal effects of cocaine | hyperarousal state generalized vasoconstriction HTN increased spontaneous abortion abruptio placentae preterm labor CV comp seizures increased STDs |
| fetal effects of cocaine | risk for intracranial bleeding stillbirth prematurity IUGR irritability decreased ability to interact with evnironmental stimuli poor feeding reflexes N/V/D prune-belly syndrome |
| maternal effects of amphetamines | malnutrition tachycardia vasoconstriction |
| fetal effects of amphetamines | withdrawl symptoms IUGR fetal death |
| maternal effects of opioids | spontaneous abortion PROM preterm labor increased incidence of STDs, HIV exposure, hepatitis |
| fetal effects of opioids | IUGR preinatal asphyxia intellectual impairment neonatal abstinence syndrome neonatal infections neonatal death |
| precentage of women who experience IPV during pregnancy | between 1-20% |
| category A risk | no evidence of risk to the fetus exists |
| category B risk | animal reproduction studies have not demonstrated risk to fetus. no adequate & well-controlled studies have been done in pregnant women |
| category C risk | animal reproduction reproduction studies hae shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but no adequate, well-controlled studies have been done in humans. potential benefits may warrant use of drug in pregnant women despite fetal risks |
| category D risk | positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data, but potential benefits may warrant use of drug despite fetal risks |
| category X risk | positive evidence of human fetal risk based on animal or human studies and/or adverse reaction data. risks clearly outweight potential benefits |
| effect of prenancy on preexisting diabetic mother | increased incidence of: spontaneous abortions preeclampsia UTIs premature rupture of membranes shoulder dystocia & injury to the birth canal increaed Cesarean birth rate postpartum hemorrhage |
| what can untreated ketoacidosis can leat to ______ or _______ _______ | fetal or maternal death |
| heart disease complicates about ___% of all pregnancies | 1 |
| most common cardiace problems during pregnancy results from: | rheumatic heart disease congenital heart defects mitral valve prolapse (common but benign) |
| first warning sign of heart disease | dyspnea syncope with exertion hemoptysis paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea chest pain with exertion |
| define anemia in first & third trimester | < 11g/dL |
| define anemia in second trimester | < 10.5g/dL |
| total iron requirement during pregnancy for single fetus | 1000mg |
| maternal folic acid needs _____ during pregnancy | double |
| sickle cell anemia | abnormal hemoglobin that causes their erythrocytes to become distorted in a sickle cell shape, or cresecent shape, with low oxygen concentration, acidosis & dehydration worsening the process |
| thalassemia | genetic disorder where there is an abnormality in one of 2 chains of hemoglobin, the alpha or beta chain which leads to alterations in the RBC membrane & decreases the lifespan of the RBC |
| TORCH | Toxoplasmosis Other diseases Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex virus |
| how a fetus may contract toxoplasmosis | placental connection with its infected mother |
| how may a mother contract toxoplasmosis | improper handling of cat litter handling or ingesting contaminated meat |
| most common first manifestation of syphilis in the mother | chancre |
| gonorrhea can cause eye irritation which may lead to | blindness (ophthalmia neonatorum) |
| most common STD in U.S. | chlamydia |
Created by:
ealongo
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