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genetics ________
Genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gene | A segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein, which in turns codes for a trait of charateristic, i.e the gene for height |
| Chromosome | composed of genes; when an organism reproduces the chromosome is what carries the genetic information from parent to offspring |
| Allele | the two forms of a gene; i.e the tall allele & short allele for the gene for height |
| Diploid | Cell with 2 copies of each chromosome, having received one copy from each parent., 2n |
| Haploid | Cells with only one copy of each chromosome, n |
| Somatic Cell | A regular body cell of an organism, contains 2n - diploid |
| Gamete | The sex cell of an organism (sperm or egg) that contains only one copy of an allele for a given trait, contains n - haploid |
| Homologous Chromosome | the 2 copies of each chromosome in a diploid cell |
| Dominant | The stronger form of an allele that is always expressed, represented by an upper case letter (R) |
| Recessive | The "weaker" form of an allele that is hidden by the dominant allele if it is present, represented by a lower case letter (r) |
| Homozygous | An allelic combination where on of each type of allele is present (Rr), also called a hybrid |
| Phenotype | The physical appearance for an organism, ex. RR, Rr, rr |
| Cross | refers to the purposeful reproduction of two organism, for example you cross a tall plant with a short plant. |
| Probability | The likelihood or chance of getting an offspring with a certain characteristic |
Created by:
2015matuten
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