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genetic vocabulary-
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gene | a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein, which in turn codes for a trait or characteristic, i.e. the gene for height |
| chromosome | composed of genes; when an organism reproduces the chromosome is what carries the genetic information from parent to offspring |
| Allele | the two forms of a gene; i.e. the tall allele & the short allele for the gene for height |
| Diploid | cells with 2 copies of each chromosome, having received one copy from each parent., 2n |
| Haploid | cells with only one copy of each chromosome |
| Somatic Cell | a regular body cell of an organism, contains 2n- diploid |
| Gamete | the sex cell of an organism (sperm or egg) that contains only one copy of an allele for a given trait, contains n- haploid |
| Homologous chromosome | the 2 copies of each chromosome in a diploid cell |
| Dominant | the "stronger" form of an allele that is always expressed, represented by an upper case letter (R) |
| Recessive | the "weaker" form of an allele that is hidden by the dominant allele if it is present, represented by a lower case letter (r) |
| Homozygous | an allelic combination where both alleles are dominant (RR) or both alleles are recessive (rr), also called true breeding |
| Heterozyrous | an allelic combination where one of each type of allele is presented (Rr), also called a hybrid |
| Phenotype | the physical apperance of an organism, ex. tall or short |
| genotype |
Created by:
2015drewl
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