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Genetics Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Gene A segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein, which in turn codes for a trait or characteristic, i.e. the gene for height.
Choromosome composed of genes: when an organism reproduces the chromosome is what carries the genetic information from parent to offspring
Allele The two forms of a gene: i.e. the tall allele & short allele for the gene for height
Diploid cells with 2 copies of each chromosome, having received one copy from each parent., 2N
Haploid cells with only one copy of each chromosome, n.
Somatic Cell A regular body cell of an organism, contains 2n - Diploid.
Gamete The sex cell of an organism ( sperm or egg) that contains only one copy of an allele for a given trait, contains n - HAPLOID.
homologous Chromosome The two copies of each chromosome in a diploid cell.
Dominant The stronger from of an allele that is always expressed, represented by an upper case letter (R).
Recessive The weaker form of an allele that is hidden by the dominant allele if it is present, represented by a lower case letter (R)
Homozygous An allelic combination where both alleles are dominant (RR) or both alleles are recessive (rr), also called true-breeding.
Heterozygous An allelic combination where one of each type of allele is present (Rr), also called a hybrid
Phenotype The physical appearance for an organism, ex. tall. RR,Rr,rr.
Cross refers to the purposeful reproduction of two organism, for example you cross a tall plant with a short plant.
Probability The likelihood or chance or getting an offspring with a certain characteristic.
Created by: 2013peixerj
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