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Cell Organelles
stuff
| Organelle | What It Does/ What It Is |
|---|---|
| Cell Membrane | The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. |
| Cell Wall | A major function of the cell wall is to act as a pressure vessel, preventing over-expansion when water enters the cell. |
| Chloroplasts | As well as conducting photosynthesis, they carry out almost all fatty acid synthesis in plants, and are involved in a plant's immune response. |
| Chromosomes | Chromosomal DNA encodes most or all of an organism's genetic information; some species also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal genetic elements. |
| Cytoplasm | The cytoplasm comprises cytosol — the gel-like substance enclosed within the cell membrane — and the organelles — the cell's internal sub-structures. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle of cells in eukaryotic organisms that forms an interconnected network of membrane vesicles. |
| Golgi Bodies | The Golgi apparatus packages proteins inside the cell before they are sent to their destination; it is particularly important in the processing of proteins for secretion. |
| Mitochondria | Mitochondria are sometimes described as "cellular power plants" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. |
| Nuclear Membrane | The double lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells. |
| Nucleus | It contains most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. |
| Ribosomes | A large and complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the primary site of biological protein synthesis. |
| Vacuole | Vacuoles are essentially enclosed compartments which are filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules including enzymes in solution, though in certain cases they may contain solids which have been engulfed. |
| Prokaryote | A group of organisms whose cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus. |
| Eukaryote | An organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes like a nucleus. |
| Mitosis | Mitosis is the process by which a cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets, in two separate nuclei. |
| Meiosis | A special type of cell division necessary for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes. |
| Monomer | A molecule that may bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer. |
| Polymer | A substance that is built up of a number of similar molecular units that are bonded together. They can be natural or synthetic. |
| Carbohydrates | A carbohydrate is an organic compound that consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1. |
| Lipids | The main biological functions of lipids include energy storage, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes. |
| Proteins | Large biological molecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acids. |
| Nucleic Acids | Nucleic acids are large biological molecules essential for all known forms of life. |
| Lysosome | Lysosomes are cellular organelles that contain acid hydrolase enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris. |
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n0402637
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