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Biology vocab X16
Biology voabulary...disregard the the numbers
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Membrane | The cell membrane is a membrane that separates the interior of cells from the outside environment.The cell membrane is permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. |
| Cell Wall | The cell wall is the tough, usually flexible but sometimes fairly rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells. It is located outside the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection. Cell walls are found in plants. |
| Chloroplasts | Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and some other eukaryote organisms. As well as conducting photosynthesis, they carry out almost all fatty acid synthesis in plants, and are involved in a plant's immune response. |
| Chromosomes | A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins. |
| Cytoplasm | The cytoplasm contains cytosol and the organelles, including the nucleus. All of the contents of the cells of prokaryote organisms are contained within the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is about 70% to 90% water and usually colorless. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | According to the structure the endoplasmic reticulum is classified into two types, that is, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes |
| Golgi Bodies | Part of the cellular endomembrane system, the Golgi apparatus packages proteins inside the cell before they are sent to their destination; it is particularly important in the processing of proteins for secretion. |
| Mitochondria | A mitochondria is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in most eukaryote cells. Mitochondria are sometimes described as "cellular power plants" because they generate most of the cell's supply of chemical energy. |
| Nuclear Membrane | A nuclear membrane, also known as the nuclear envelope, nucleolemma or karyotheca,is the double lipid layer membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryote cells. |
| Nucleus | In cell biology, the nucleus is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryote cells. It contains most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins to form chromosomes. |
| Ribosomes | The ribosomes (from ribonucleic acid and the Greek soma, meaning "body") is a large and complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the primary site of biological protein synthesis. Ribosomes link amino acids together. |
| Vacuole | Vacuoles are essentially enclosed compartments which are filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules including enzymes in solution, though in certain cases they may contain solids which have been engulfed. |
| Prokaryote | The prokaryotes are a group of organisms whose cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus. The organisms whose cells do have a nucleus are called eukaryote. |
| Eukaryote | A eukaryote is an organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes. The defining membrane-bound structure that sets eukaryote cells apart from prokaryotic cells is the nucleus within which the genetic material is carried. |
| Mitosis | Mitosis is the process by which a cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets, in two separate nuclei. |
| Meiosis | Meiosis is a special type of cell division necessary for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes. The cells produced by meiosis are gametes or spores. In many organisms, including all animals and land plants (but not some other groups such as fungi). |
| Monomer | A monomer is a molecule that may bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer.The term "monomeric protein" may also be used to describe one of the proteins making up a multiprotein complex. |
| Polymer | The term polymers encompasses a very large, broad classes of compounds, both natural and synthetic, with a wide variety of properties. Because of the extraordinary range of properties of polymeric materials,they play an essential roles in everyday life. |
| Carbohydrates | A carbohydrate is an organic compound that consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1. Some exceptions exist. Carbohydrates are not technically hydrates of carbon |
| Lipids | Lipids constitute a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins. The main biological functions of lipids include energy storage, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes. |
| Proteins | Proteins are large biological molecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acids. Proteins perform a vast array of functions ,including replicating DNA, responding to stimuli, and transporting molecules from one location to another. |
| Nucleic Acids | Nucleic acids are large biological molecules essential for all known forms of life. Together with proteins, nucleic acids are the most important biological macromolecules; each is found in abundance in all living things. |
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