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21/24 Plants&Animals

Ch. 21 and 24 Intro. to Plants and Animals Review

QuestionAnswer
Adaptations to ___ on earth contributed to the evolution of plants... Environmental changes
Present day plants and ___ share many characteristics... Present day algae
Waxy coating on outer surface of plant cells... Cuticle
Openings on plant leaves enabling exchange of gases... Stomata
Specialized plant tissues used for transport... Vascular tissue
Reproductive strategies that enabled the adaptations of plants to land... Spores/seeds
Haploid gametophyte generation produces diploid sporophyte generation... Alternation of generations
Haploid gametophyte produces... Gametes
Diploid sporophyte produces... Spores
Most of the plant's lifetime is spent in the ___ Sporophyte generation
Typically small and usually grow in damp enviroments... Nonvascular plants
Mosses; no true leaves; rhizoids; water and nutrients transported via diffusion... Bryophyta
Rootlike, multicellular projections that anchor mosses to the soil/surfaces... Rhizoids
Smallest division; water and nutrients via osmosis/diffusion; one large chloroplast in each cell; mutualistic relationship with cyanobacterium... Anthocerophyta
Liverworts; grow close to the ground; water and nutrients transported by osmosis/diffusion, classified as either thallose or leafy... Hepaticophyta
Tissues for transport and are generally larger and better adapted to drier environments than nonvascular plants... Seedless vascular plants
Compact cluster of spore-bearing structures... Strobilus
Includes ferns ad horsetails; coal age plants; can produce sporophytes without fertilization... Pterophyta
Plants that live anchored to an object or another plant... Epiphyte
Underground organs for food-storage... Rhizomes
Large, leaf-like structure seen in seedless vascular plants... Frond
Structure in which spores form... Sporangium
Clusters of sporangium on the underside of fronds... Sorus
Structure found within the seed that either stores food or helps absorb food for the tiny sporophyte... Cotyledon
Male and female cones grow on separate plants; large, divided leaves; naturally found in tropics and subtropics; grew in abundance 200 mya... Cycadophyta
Can live as long as 1500-2000 years; just three genera; ranges from species of tropical trees and climbing vines... Gnetophyta
Only one living species left; small fan-shaped leaves; male and female systems on separate plants... Ginkgophyta
Range i size from low-growing shrubs to towering trees; most economically important gymnosperms; waxlike coating on needle-/scale-like leaves... Coniferophyta
Flowering plants; most widely distributed plants; make up 75% of the plant kingdom today... Anthophyta
Completes its life span in one growing season or less... Annual plants
Life span two years... Biennial plants
Can live for several years and usually produces flowers and seeds yearly... Perennial plants
Protists that formed colonies in the sea 570 mya and are the predecessors of the animal kingdom... Choanoflagellates
Must feed on other organisms... Heterotrophs
Can produce their own food... Autotrophs
Without a backbone... Invertebrates
With a backbone and endosekelton.. Vertebrates
Cover the bodies of many invertebrates... Exoskeletons
Internal skeletons... Endoskeletons
Animal cells lack a ___ like those found in plants... Cell wall
Animals are organized into structure and functional units called... Tissues
Produce both eggs and sperm in the same animal body... Hermaphrodites
Cell formed from a fertilized egg cell... Zygote
Fluid filled ball of cells... Blastula
Two cell layer sac with opening at one end... Gastrula
Inner layer of gastrula; develops into digestive organs and lining of the digestive tract... Endoderm
Outer layer of gastrula; develops into nervous tissue and skin... Ectoderm
Develops to become muscle, circulatory system, excretory system and in some species a respiratory system... Mesoderm
First anatomical feature to indicate a major change in body plants was the... Development of tissues
Similarity or balance among body structures... Symmetry
A body plan with a definite head and rear end; also a ventral and dorsal surface... Cephalization
Fluid-filled cavity developing within mesoderm... Coelom
Fluid-filled cavity that develops between mesoderm and endoderm... Pseudocoelom
Organisms without an internal cavity; solid bodies... Acoelomate
Animals whose mouth develops from the first opening in the gastrula; final outcome for each cell in embryo cannot be altered... Protostomes
Animals whose anus develops from the first opening in the gastrula; final outcome for each cell in embryo can be altered... Deuterostomes
Body or body parts is/are broken into individual sections... Segmentation
First animals to evolve from multicellular ancestor... Sponges and Cnidarians
No tissues and asymmetrical... Phylum Porifera
Two tissue layers and contain collar cells... Phylum Cnidaria
Approximately when did primitive land plants appear? 400 mya
What was the biggest obstacle for plants to live on land? Obtaining enough water
Structure which contains clusters of sporangia in ferns... Sorus
Plant division that has needle-like or scaly leaves? Coniferophyta
When one cell is removed during early development, the organism will not develop into a complete animal... Protostome
When one cell is removed during early development, not only will the organism still develop completely but the cell removed could develop into a whole new organism... Deuterostome
The under-surface of an animal, or the belly side... Ventral
Cnidarians evolved directly from.. Multicellular choanoflagellates
Most primitive of land plants... Liverworts
Body plan with mirror-image right and left halves... Bilateral symmetry
Plant that lives anchored to another plant or object... Epiphyte
Hard outer covering of some animals... Exoskeleton
Two-layer sac with an opening at one end... Gastrula
Animals that produce both eggs and sperm... Hermaphrodites
Spore-bearing structures that form a compact cluster... Strobilus
Enable gas exchange for terrestrial plants... Stomata
Backside of an organism... Dorsal surface
The gametophyte is... Haploid
The sporophyte is... Diploid
Plant structure that contains the embryo... Seed
Gymnosperms with cones containing reproductive structures, large divided leaves, tropics and subtropics... Cycadophyta
Tropical trees and climbing vines, gymnosperms, source of ephedrine, live in diverse environments... Gnetophyta
One living species of this gymnosperm division left... Ginkgophyta
Used for lumber and lumber products... Confierophyta
Flower plants... Anthophyta
Created by: SavannahElkins
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