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C h 28 -Minor Bodies
minor bodies of the solar system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| satellite | a natural or artificial body that revolves around a planet |
| moon | a body that revolves around a planet and that has less mass than the planet does |
| mare | a large, dark area of basalt on the moon |
| crater | a bowl-shaped depression that forms on the surface of an object when a falling body explodes as it strikes the surface |
| rille | long, deep channels on the surface of the moon |
| regolith | the layer of dust and rock on the surface of the moon |
| giant impact hypothesis | hypothesis that states that a Mars-sized body struck the Earth, then the material ejected contracted to form the moon |
| apogee | point in the Moon's orbit farthest from the Earth |
| perigee | point in the Moon's orbit closest to the Earth |
| solar eclipse | when the Moon blocks out the Sun as it passes in between the Sun and the Earth at new moon |
| umbra | inner, cone-shaped part of the shadow during an eclipse, where sunlight is completely blocked out |
| penumbra | outer part of the shadow during an eclipse where sunlight is only partially blocked |
| lunar eclipse | passing of the Moon through Earth's shadow at full moon |
| phase | change in illuminated area (of the Moon) caused by changing positions of the Sun, Earth, and Moon |
| waxing | when the illuminated portion of the Moon is increasing, on the right side of the Moon as viewed from Earth |
| waning | when the illuminated portion of the Moon is decreasing, on the left side of the Moon as seen from Earth |
| new moon | moon phase when none of the moon is lit; occurs when the Moon is between the Earth and Sun |
| full moon | moon phase when all of the moon is lit; occurs when the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon |
| crescent | moon phase when less that half of the moon is lit |
| gibbous | moon phase when between one half and all of the moon is lit |
| 1st quarter | moon phase when the right half of the moon is lit; occurs when the moon has travelled 1/4 of its orbit around the Earth |
| 3rd quarter | moon phase when the left half of the moon is lit; occurs when the moon has travelled 3/4 of its orbit around the Earth |
| Phobos and Deimos | the two moons of Mars |
| Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto | the four Galilean moons of Jupiter |
| Titan | the largest moon of Saturn; also is the largest moon in our solar system |
| Charon | the moon of Pluto |
| asteroids | small, rocky objects that orbit the sun; most are located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter |
| comet | small body of ice, rock, and metal that follows a very elliptical orbit around the Sun, giving off gas in the form of two tails that point away from the Sun |
| Oort Cloud | area of the solar system just beyond the orbit of Pluto where most comets are found |
| meteor | bright streak of light that results when a meteoroid burns up in Earth's atmosphere |
| meteoroid | a relatively small, rocky body that travels through space |
| meteor shower | when a large number of small meteoroids enter the Earth's atmosphere; usually when Earth's orbit passes through the previous path of a comet |
| meteorite | what is left when a meteor hits Earth's surface; three types- stony, iron, and stony-iron |
Created by:
sisteele
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