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Terms ch. 14,15

terms and definitions chapters 14 and 15

TermDefinition
biogenesis principle that states that all living things come from other things
spontaneous generation a thought that living things could arise from nonliving things
radiometric dating methods of establishing the age of materials
isotope atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain
mass number the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
radioactive decay isotopes' nuclei release particles or radient energy until the nuclei becomes stable
radioactive isotope the isotopes who go through radioactive decay
half-life the length of time it takes for one half of any size sample of an isotope to decay to a stable form
microsphere cell like structures that form spontaneously in the labratory that are spherical in shape and are composed of many protein molecules that are organized as a membrane
coacervate collections of droplets that are composed of molecules of different types
ribozyme an RNA molecule that can act as a catalyst and promote a specific chemical reaction
archaea a related group of unicellular organisms that thrive under extermely harsh environmental conditions
chemosynthesis CO2 serves as a carbon source for the assembly of organic molecules
cyanobacteria a group of photosynthetic, unicellular prokaryotes
ozone a gas molecule that is made up of three oxygen atoms
endosymbiosis a theory that states that between about 2 billion and 1.5 billion years ago, a small type of aerobic prokaryote was engulfed by and began to live and reproduce inside of a larger anaerobic prokaryote
evolution the development of new types of organisms from preexisting organisms over time
strata rock layers
natural selection the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their enviroment survive and reproduce better than less well adapted individuals do
adaption a trait that makes an individual successful in its environment
fitness a measure of an individual's hereditary contribution to the next generation
fossil the remains or traces of an organism that died long ago
superposition a principle that states that if the rock strata at a location had not been distrubed, the lowest strata was formed before the one above it
relative age the age of a fossil compared to another fossil
absolute age the estimated age of a fossil determined by techniques such as radio active dating
biogeography the study of the locations of organisms around the world
homologous structure anotomical structures that occur in different species and that originated by heredity from a structure in the most recent common ancestor of that species
analogous structure structures that have closely related strucures but do not derive from the same ancestral structure
vestigial structure structures that seem to serve no function but that resemble structures with functional roles in related organisms
phylogeny the relationships by ancestry among groups of organisms
convergent evolution the process by which different species evolve similar traits
divergent evolution a process in which the decendants of a single ancestor diversify into species that each fit different parts of the environment
adaptive radiation a new population of an environment will undergo divergent evolution until the population fills many parts of the environment
artificial selection a process that occurs when a human breeder chooses individuals that will parent the next generation
coevolution when two or more species have evolved adaptations to each other's influence
Created by: OConnellC16
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