Help
Options
Term
Persuasion
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Term
Ethics and Persuasion
Remaining cards (56)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Public Speaking
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Persuasion | Process of creating, reinforcing or changing beliefs or actions. |
| Ethics and Persuasion | Don't fake statistics or change anything, don't pass off opinions as facts and research all sides of the argument |
| Mental Dialogue with the audience | The mental give-and-take between speaker and listener during persuasive speech |
| Target audience | Portion of the whole audience that the speaker wants to persuade |
| Question of fact and how they are analyzed | Question about truth or falsity of an assertions (economically better or worse)- analyzed with true or false |
| How are questions of facts organized in persuasive speeches? | Topically (main points divided into subtopics) |
| Question of value and how they are analyzed | A question about the worth, rightness, morality and so forth of an idea or action- analyzed by offering a standard for why it is right or wrong |
| Question of policy and how it is analyzed | Question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken- analyzed by showing that a serious problem requires change |
| Speech to gain passive agreement | You want the audience to agree but they don't have to take a specific course of action |
| Speech to gain immediate action | To convince the audience to take some sort of action |
| Need | First basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: is there a serious problem that requires change from the current problem? |
| Burden of proof | Obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change is necessary |
| Plan | Second basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: if there is a problem with current policy, does the speaker have a plan to solve the problem |
| Practicality | Third basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: will the speaker's plan solve the problem? will it create new and more serious problems? |
| Monroe's motivated sequence | seek immediate action, Attention--> Need--> Satisfaction-->Visualization-->Action |
| Problem Solution Order | A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem |
| Problem Cause Solution Order | Method of organizing persuasive speech in which the first main point identifies a problem, the second main point analyzes the cause of the problem and the third main point presents a solution to the problem |
| Comparative Advantages order | method of organizing a persuasive speech in which each main point explains why a speaker's solution to a problem is preferable to other proposed solutions |
| Question and answer tips | Approach with positive attitude, restate point, be honest, direct to whole audience, restate question if large audience, stay on track |
| Ethos | Refer to as credibility |
| Credibility | Audience perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak about a given topic |
| Three main factors that influence credibility | Competence, Ethos and Character |
| Build Credibility | Use sociability, age, similiarities, appearance Explain competence, establish common ground, use evidence for counterarguments, appear confident |
| Initial credibility | Credibility of speaker before he/she begins to speak |
| Derived Credibility | Credibility of speaker produced by everything he/she does and says during the speech |
| Terminal Credibility | Credibility of a speaker at the end of a speech |
| Creating common ground | Speaker connects himself/herself with the values, attitudes or experiences of the audience |
| Evidence | Supporting materials used to prove or disprove something |
| Logos | Logical Appeal of speaker |
| Two major elements of logos | Evidence and reasoning |
| Reasoning | Process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence |
| Reasoning from specific instances | Reasoning that moves from particular facts to general conclusion |
| Reasoning from principle | Reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion |
| casual Reasoning | Reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between cause and effect |
| Analogical reasoning | Reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is true for the second |
| Fallacy | An error in reasoning |
| Hasty generalization | A fallacy in which a speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence |
| False Cause | A fallacy in which a speaker mistakenly assumes that because one event follows another, the first event is a cause of the second |
| Invalid analogy | An analogy in which the two cases |
| Bandwagon | A fallacy that assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good correct or desirable |
| Red Herring | Fallacy that introduces an irrelevent issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion |
| Ad hominem | A fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute |
| Either or | A fallacy that forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist |
| Slippery Slope | A fallacy that assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented |
| Appeal to Tradition | A fallacy which assumes something old is better than something new |
| Appeal to novelty | A fallacy which assumes something new is better than something old |
| Pathos | Refers to an emotional appeal |
| Speech for special occasion | part of ceremonial aura to make event special |
| Speech of introduction | Introduces main speaker to the audience and builds enthusiasm, establishes welcoming climate |
| Speech of presentation | Presents someone a gift,award or other form of public recognition |
| Two things to do in speech of presentation | Explain what award is and praise the losers |
| Example of presentation speech | Bill clinton for Nelson mandela |
| Acceptance speech | Speech that thanks for a gift, award or form of public recognition, thank people for the award, recognize people who helped u get the award |
| Three aspects of an acceptance speech | Brief, humility, graciousness |
| Commemorative Speech | Speech that pays a tribute to a person, group of people, an institution or an idea. Express respect, convey emotion and appreciation |
| Purpose of a commemorative speech | to inspire |
| Examples of a commemorative speech | Ronald Regan eulogy for astronauts in challenger, Abraham Lincoln- Gettysburg address, crazy aunt sue. |
Created by:
carlyrf23