Public Speaking Word Scramble

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Term	Definition
Persuasion	Process of creating, reinforcing or changing beliefs or actions.
Ethics and Persuasion	Don't fake statistics or change anything, don't pass off opinions as facts and research all sides of the argument
Mental Dialogue with the audience	The mental give-and-take between speaker and listener during persuasive speech
Target audience	Portion of the whole audience that the speaker wants to persuade
Question of fact and how they are analyzed	Question about truth or falsity of an assertions (economically better or worse)- analyzed with true or false
How are questions of facts organized in persuasive speeches?	Topically (main points divided into subtopics)
Question of value and how they are analyzed	A question about the worth, rightness, morality and so forth of an idea or action- analyzed by offering a standard for why it is right or wrong
Question of policy and how it is analyzed	Question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken- analyzed by showing that a serious problem requires change
Speech to gain passive agreement	You want the audience to agree but they don't have to take a specific course of action
Speech to gain immediate action	To convince the audience to take some sort of action
Need	First basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: is there a serious problem that requires change from the current problem?
Burden of proof	Obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change is necessary
Plan	Second basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: if there is a problem with current policy, does the speaker have a plan to solve the problem
Practicality	Third basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: will the speaker's plan solve the problem? will it create new and more serious problems?
Monroe's motivated sequence	seek immediate action, Attention--> Need--> Satisfaction-->Visualization-->Action
Problem Solution Order	A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem
Problem Cause Solution Order	Method of organizing persuasive speech in which the first main point identifies a problem, the second main point analyzes the cause of the problem and the third main point presents a solution to the problem
Comparative Advantages order	method of organizing a persuasive speech in which each main point explains why a speaker's solution to a problem is preferable to other proposed solutions
Question and answer tips	Approach with positive attitude, restate point, be honest, direct to whole audience, restate question if large audience, stay on track
Ethos	Refer to as credibility
Credibility	Audience perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak about a given topic
Three main factors that influence credibility	Competence, Ethos and Character
Build Credibility	Use sociability, age, similiarities, appearance Explain competence, establish common ground, use evidence for counterarguments, appear confident
Initial credibility	Credibility of speaker before he/she begins to speak
Derived Credibility	Credibility of speaker produced by everything he/she does and says during the speech
Terminal Credibility	Credibility of a speaker at the end of a speech
Creating common ground	Speaker connects himself/herself with the values, attitudes or experiences of the audience
Evidence	Supporting materials used to prove or disprove something
Logos	Logical Appeal of speaker
Two major elements of logos	Evidence and reasoning
Reasoning	Process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence
Reasoning from specific instances	Reasoning that moves from particular facts to general conclusion
Reasoning from principle	Reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion
casual Reasoning	Reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between cause and effect
Analogical reasoning	Reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is true for the second
Fallacy	An error in reasoning
Hasty generalization	A fallacy in which a speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence
False Cause	A fallacy in which a speaker mistakenly assumes that because one event follows another, the first event is a cause of the second
Invalid analogy	An analogy in which the two cases
Bandwagon	A fallacy that assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good correct or desirable
Red Herring	Fallacy that introduces an irrelevent issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion
Ad hominem	A fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute
Either or	A fallacy that forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist
Slippery Slope	A fallacy that assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented
Appeal to Tradition	A fallacy which assumes something old is better than something new
Appeal to novelty	A fallacy which assumes something new is better than something old
Pathos	Refers to an emotional appeal
Speech for special occasion	part of ceremonial aura to make event special
Speech of introduction	Introduces main speaker to the audience and builds enthusiasm, establishes welcoming climate
Speech of presentation	Presents someone a gift,award or other form of public recognition
Two things to do in speech of presentation	Explain what award is and praise the losers
Example of presentation speech	Bill clinton for Nelson mandela
Acceptance speech	Speech that thanks for a gift, award or form of public recognition, thank people for the award, recognize people who helped u get the award
Three aspects of an acceptance speech	Brief, humility, graciousness
Commemorative Speech	Speech that pays a tribute to a person, group of people, an institution or an idea. Express respect, convey emotion and appreciation
Purpose of a commemorative speech	to inspire
Examples of a commemorative speech	Ronald Regan eulogy for astronauts in challenger, Abraham Lincoln- Gettysburg address, crazy aunt sue.

Created by: carlyrf23