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Brain
anatomical features of the brain
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Spinal Cord | It begins at the foramen magnum and ends at the conus medullaris in the lumbar region. It conducts sensory impulses to the brain and motor impulses from the brain to the body. |
| Cerebrum | the cerebrum is the largest part of the brain in mammals. It is composed of the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes. |
| Frontal lobes | They have motor functions, but also deal with aggression, mood, foresight, motivation, and social judgement. |
| Parietal lobes | They function in integration of sensory information with the exceptions of vision, hearing, and smell. |
| Occipital lobe | It functions to receive and interpret visual signals. |
| Temporal lobe | It functions in memory, vision, learning, hearing, and emotional behaviors. |
| Gyri | These are the thick folds in the surface of the cerebrum. "Gyrus" is the singular form of "gyri". |
| Sulci | These are the shallow groves in the surface of the cerebrum. "Sulcus" is the singular form of "sulci" |
| Longitudinal fissure | This fissure is a deep groove separating the cerebrum into right and left halves. |
| Cerebral hemisphere | The longitudinal fissure dives the cerebrum into the right and left hemispheres. |
| Cerebellum | The second largest part of the brain in mammals and largest part of the brain in birds. The cerebellum is involved in the regulation of posture and balance, fine motor control of skeletal muscles, and repetitive movements. |
| Pituitary gland | It is divided into anterior and posterior portions. Anterior pituitary produces hormones which regulate other endocrine glands, and directly affect target cells. Posterior pituitary functions to store and release hormones produced by the hypothalamus. |
| Thalamus | This structure functions to integrate all sensory information (with the exception of smell) from the body, and channels it into proper processing regions in the cerebrum. |
| Hypothalamus | The structure that is the major integration system between various organ systems and the nervous system. It coordinates activities of both the nervous and endocrine systems, and between voluntary and autonomic activities. |
| Mammillary body | a structure that processes olfactory information and contains centers for reflex movements involved in eating, such as chewing, licking, and swallowing. |
| Pineal body | the region that regulates the day/night cycle. Secretes the hormone melatonin, which effects sleepiness. |
| Corpus callosum | the part of the brain that contains the nerve tracts and physically joins the two cerebral hemispheres. |
| Midbrain | a region that is also called the "mesencephalon". it is located above the pons and is the smallest part of the brain stem. the oculomotor, trochlear, and trigeminal cranial nerves originate in this area. |
| Pons | It works with he medulla to control respiration and helps regulate seep. It is the origin for the trigeminal, abducens, facial, and vestibulocochlear cranial nerves. |
| Medulla oblongata | it contains nerve centers for the regulation of heart rate, blood vessel diameter, respiration, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, and hiccoughing. |
| optic chiasma | a structure that is located on the bottom-center of the brain where the two optic nerves cross. |
| olfactory bulbs | these bulbs are located just below the frontal lobes. The function in the sense of smell. |
Created by:
mangolegs
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