Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
med immunology 20-2
immunity against microbes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| innate immune mechanisms initially interfere with viral infection through _______ and _______. | INFs, NK cells |
| antibodies _______ the infectivity of viruses. | neutralize |
| antibodies fix __________ and promote ________ ______ to virions. | complement, complement damage |
| antibodies ______ viral enzyme. | inhibit |
| antibodies promote __________ to signal other immune components. | opsonization |
| antibodies promote ________, which is a mechanism of cell-mediated immune defense whereby an effector cell of the immune system actively lyses a target cell, whose membrane-surface antigens have been bound by specific antibodies. | antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxity (ADCC) |
| For extracellular bacteria, what kind of immunity works? | humoral immunity |
| for intracellular bacteria, what kind of immunity works? | cellular immunity |
| Against bacteria, antibody and complement lead to ______ bacteria. | lyse |
| Against bacteria, bacteria are processed in _______ and _____ by phagocytosis and present to _______ cells. | macrophages, APCs, B and T cells |
| what components of immune system fight against gram-positive bacteria? | opsonins, phagocytic cells, IgG, IgM, and complement(classic pathway) |
| Against gram-positive bacteria, which pathway of complement system works and how it works? | classic pathway, it provides opsonins and mediators of inflammation |
| what is the big difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria when we talk about immunologic defense? | Lopopolysaccharides (LPS) in outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria which is highly toxic to human |
| LPS in outer cell of gram-negative bacteria is what kind of toxin? | endotoxins |
| what components of immune system fight against gram-negative bacteria? | specific antibody, phagocytic cells, complement(alternative pathway) |
| against gram-negative bacteria, which complement pathway works? | alternative pathway which is triggered by LPS |
| what components of immune system fight against spirochetes? | complement, specific antibody, cell-mediated immunity |
| Against parasites, ______ and ______ defense mechanisms are required. | innate, adaptive |
| why is it more difficult to make immune defense against parasites? | Because parasites have different life stages and each stage has different antigenic components. |
| Against protozoa, what components of immune system are used to fight them? | complement combined with phagocytosis and cellular immunity |
| against helminthes, what components of immune system are used to fight them? | eosinophils, mast cells, IgE, ADCC |
| why fungi are hard to treat? | because they are eukaryotic. |
| Most common fungi in humans is C.albicans which are usually harmless but very dangerous in ____________ individuals such as ________. | immunocompromised, cancer patients |
| Cancer patients are exposed the risk of C.albicans infection during chemotherapy due to __________. | depletion of neutrophils |
| Histoplasma capsulatum is a systemic pathogen and is inhaled and can survive inside of _______. | macrophages |
| Cryptococcus neoformans are ______ fungus especially in _______. | opportunistic, AIDS |
| What consists cell walls of fungi? | polysaccharides called chitin |
| what components of immune system is used against fungi? | cell-mediated immunity especially T cells.Both cellular and humoral immune mechanisms are used. |
Created by:
hiroko lucky2
Popular Biology sets