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Janssen Genetics
Mrs. Janssen's Biology Chapter 8 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What scientist discovered that genetic material existed (bacteria was transformed)? | Griffith |
| What scientist discovered that DNA was responsible for transforming bacteria? | Avery |
| What scientists used radioactive labeling to prove that DNA was the transforming factor? | Hershey & Chase |
| What scientist determined the basic structure of nucleotides? | Levene |
| What scientist calculated the equal proportions of A & T and C & G? | Chargaff |
| What scientists built the first model of DNA as the double helix? | Watson & Crick |
| What scientists used X-ray diffraction to support Watson & Crick's DNA model? | Franklin & Wilkins |
| A nucleotide contains a sugar, a base, and what other component? | phosphate |
| What are double ringed bases called? | purines |
| Which two bases are purines? | A & G |
| What are single ringed bases called? | pyrimidines |
| Which bases are pyrimidines? | T, C, & U |
| What was Franklin's famous photo of DNA called? | photo 51 |
| C pairs with which other base? | G |
| In DNA, A pairs with which other base? | T |
| Which base does uracil replace? | T |
| G pairs with which base? | C |
| T pairs with which base? | A |
| How is DNA arranged in prokaryotes? | In a ring |
| How is DNA arranged in eukaryotes? | In chromosomes |
| What are the beads that DNA wraps around? | histones |
| What is a ball of histones called? | nucleosome |
| What enzyme unwinds and unzips DNA? | DNA helicase |
| What enzyme adds an RNA primer onto each DNA strand? | RNA primase |
| What catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the DNA strand? | DNA polymerase |
| Which strand of DNA is built continuously? | leading |
| Which strand of DNA is synthesized discontinuously? | lagging |
| What are the segments of DNA added to the lagging strand? | Okazaki fragments |
| What joins Okazaki fragments to the DNA strand? | DNA ligase |
| DNA codes for RNA, which guides the synthesis of what? | proteins |
| What sugar is in RNA? | ribose |
| What sugar is in DNA? | deoxyribose |
| How many strands does DNA have? | 2 |
| How many strands does RNA have? | 1 |
| Which enzyme regulates RNA synthesis? | RNA polymerase |
| What are segments that are not in the final mRNA called? | introns |
| What are segments that are in the final mRNA called? | exons |
| How many amino acids are used to make proteins? | 20 |
| How many possible codes do the 3-base combinations code for? | 64 |
| What is a 3-base code called? | codon |
| Codons are located in DNA and where else? | mRNA |
| Where are anticodons located? | tRNA |
| What do activators do? | fold DNA |
| Repressor proteins prevent the binding of what? | activators |
| What are the group of genes that control cell differentiation called? | hox genes |
| What is the enzyme that cuts pieces of RNA? | dicer |
| What can prevent translation? | RNAi |
| What is a permanent change in a cell's DNA called? | mutation |
| What was the first known disease/disorder that resulted from a tandem repeat mutation? | Fragile X |
| What is a substance that causes a mutation in DNA called? | mutagen |
| Which type of mutation is not passed on to the next generation? | somatic cell |
| What is a section of DNA that that contains the genes for the proteins needed for a specific metabolic pathway? | operon |
| Type of RNA that travels from the nucleus to the ribosome. | mRNA |
| Type of RNA that associates with proteins to form ribosomes in the cytoplasm. | rRNA |
| Type of RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosome. | tRNA |
| Point mutation in which one base is exchanged for another. | substitution |
| A substitution mutation where the DNA codes for the wrong amino acid. | missense |
| A substitution mutation where the codon is changed to a stop codon. | nonsense |
| A mutation where a base is missing and causes a frameshift to the left. | deletion |
| A mutation where an extra base is added and causes a frameshift to the right. | insertion |
| A mutation where an entire codon (three bases) is repeated and an amino acid repeats once. | duplication |
| A mutation where there are tandem (multiple) repeats of an amino acid. | expanding mutation |
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jjanssen33
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