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Phlebotomy 115
Phlebotomy 115 lecture final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Clinical duties | identify patient correctly |
| Clinical duties | asses the patient prior to collection |
| Clinical duties | prepare the patient accordingly |
| Clinical duties | perform the puncture |
| Clinical duties | withdraw blood into the correct containers/tubes |
| Clinical duties | assess the degree of bleeding & pain |
| Clinical duties | assess the patient after the procedure |
| Technical duties | manipulate small objects, tubes, needles |
| Technical duties | select & use proper equipment |
| Technical duties | perform quality control functions |
| Technical duties | transport specimens correctly |
| Technical duties | prepare/process the samples for testing/analysis |
| Technical duties | assist in laboratory testing procedures, washing glassware, cleaning equipment |
| Clerical duties | print/collate/distribute laboratory requisitions & reports |
| Clerical duties | answer the telephone |
| Clerical duties | answer all queries as appropriate |
| Clerical duties | demonstrate courtesy in all patient encounters |
| Clerical duties | respect privacy & confidentiality |
| JCAHO | Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations |
| JCAHO | independent, nonprofit organization that sets quality standards for healthcare |
| HIPPA | Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act |
| HIPPA | federal law (1996) expanded in 2000 to protect security, privacy, & confidentiality of personal health information |
| CDC | Centers for Disease Control & prevention |
| CLIA | Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments |
| CLIA | regulates all clinical laboratories |
| OSHA | Occupation Safety & Health Administration |
| OHSA | agency of Dept. of Labor requiring employers to provide safe work environment including measures to protect workers exposed to biological & occupational hazards |
| Universal Precautions | aka. Standard Precautions |
| Universal Precautions | refers to infection control concept of blood borne disease control |
| Standard precautions | hand washing, proper use & disposal of sharps & biohazard material, etc |
| Expanded precautions | Airborne, droplet, & contact |
| Airborne precautions | reduce the spread of airborne droplet transmission of infectious agents such as rubeola, vericella, & Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Droplet precautions | used to reduce the transmission of diseases such as pertussis, meningitis, pneumonia, & rubella |
| Droplet precautions | these diseases can be transmitted through contact of the mucous membranes of the eye, mouth, or nose w/ large-particle droplets that occur through sneezing, coughing, or talking |
| Contact precautions | reduce the risk of transmission of serious diseases such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), herpes simplex, wound infections, & others through direct or indirect contact |
| Class A fire | ordinary combustibles: wood, paper, cloth, etc |
| Class A fire | use pressurized water of dry chemical (ABC) fire extinguishers |
| Class B fire | flammable liquids: grease, gasoline, paints, oils, etc |
| Class B fire | use dry chemical or carbon dioxide (CO2) extinguishers |
| Class C fire | electrical equipment: wiring, appliances, electronics |
| Class C fire | use carbon dioxide, halon (ABC) or dry chemical extinguishers |
| PASS | Pull pin, aim nozzle (at base of fire), squeeze the handle, sweep sided to side |
| NFPA | National Fire Protection Agency |
| NFPA rating | blue is for health hazard (4 being deadly - 0 being normal material) |
| NFPA rating | red is for fire hazard/flash points (4 below 73 degrees F - 0 will not burn) |
| NFPA rating | yellow is for reactivity/instability (4 may detonate - 0 is stable) |
| NFPA rating | white is for specific hazard |
| MSDS | material safety data sheets |
| MSDS | is required for any chemical with a hazard warning label |
| MSDS | list general information, precautionary measures, & emergency information |
| Blue top tube | sodium citrate (first in order of draw), coagulation studies |
| Red top tube | plastic is clot activator, used for blood banking if they don’t use the pink tube |
| Gold top tube | SST tube, thixotropic gel & clot activator, 2nd in draw order if red is not used |
| Green top tube | heparin (sodium or heparin), STAT tube, used for blood chemistries |
| Lavender top tube | K3 EDTA, used for most hematologies, uses plasma or whole blood |
| Pink top tube | blood bank, K2 EDTA, also used for hematology studies |
| Chemistry tube of choice | green (uses plasma and can be done immediately) or gold (uses serum but must wait 30 minutes for it to clot) |
| Basilic vein | 3rd vein of choice, located near the brachial artery and the ulnar nerve |
| Proteinuria | can indicate renal disease or UTI |
| Proteinuria | protein or albumin in urine |
| Ketones (ketonuria) | indicates that the boy is metabolizing fats incompletely & is under severe stress |
| Ketones (ketonuria) | starvation, fasting, diabetes |
| Billirubin | byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown in the liver |
| Billirubin | presence in urine can indicate liver damage |
| Blood (hematuria) | can be caused by infection, trauma to kidneys, or other urinary organs |
| Urobilinogen | degradation of billirubin, elevated in cases of hepatic disease or hemolytic disease |
| Nitrites | indicates the presence of a “nitrite producing” bacteria - usually Eschericia coli. |
| Leukocyte Esterase (WBC) | bacterial infection (UTI) |
| Hemostasis | the maintenance of circulating blood in the liquid state & retention of blood in the vascular system by preventing blood loss |
| Hemostasis | 1st stage is vasoconstriction-a rapid constriction of the vessel, which decreases the blood flow to the surrounding vascular bed |
| Hemostasis | 2nd stage is platelet phase-platelets degranulate, clump together, & adhere to the injured vessel in order to form a plug & inhibit bleeding |
| Hemostasis | 3rd stage-coagulation-many specific coagulation factors are released & itneract to form a fibrin meshwork, or blood clot |
| Hemostasis | 4th stage-clot retraction-occurs when the bleeding has stopped |
| Hemostasis | 5th stage-fibrinolysis-final repair & regeneration of the injured vessel occurs, & the clot slowly begins to break up (lyses) & dissolve as other cells carry out further repair |
| Integumentary system | skin, hair, sweat & oil glands, teeth, & fingernails |
| Integumentary system | bacterial infections - acne, impetigo, & decubitis ulcers |
| Integumentary system | viral infections - fever, blisters or cold sores, rubeola, rubella, chickenpox, & herpes zoster |
| Integumentary system | fungal infections - ringworm & athletes foot |
| Nervous system | diseases include - encephalitis, tetanus, herpes, & poliomyelitis, MS, Parkinson’s disease, cerebral palsy, tumors, epilepsy, & hydrocephaly |
| Respiratory system | diseases can include - TB, laryngitis, bronchitis, colds, sore throat, whooping cough, tonsillitis, rhinitis, coughs, etc |
| Digestive system | diseases can include - tooth decay, periodontal disease, acid reflux, hiatial hernias, ulcers, maldigestion, cancer, appendicitis, etc |
| Urinary system | disease can include - acidosis (pH level decreases make the bloodstream more acidic) |
| Urinary system | disease can include - alkalosis (plasma bicarbonate increases, thereby increasing the blood pH) |
| Endocrine system | includes pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, & adrenal glands, as well as ovaries & testes |
| Endocrine system | diseases can include - Addison’s disease, Cushing’s syndrome, dwarfism, acromegaly, gigantism, diabetes, thyroid issues, hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinism, goiter, & creatinism |
| Reproductive system | diseases can include - cancerous tumors, infertility, cysts, & STD’s |
| Lymphatic system | diseases can include lymphoma & Hodgkin’s disease, immune disorders & infectious processes |
Created by:
smkit03
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