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Metabolism
Metabolism test #2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is metabolism? | Process which utilizes chemical reactions that result in energy production and use |
| Anabolism | Constructive metabolism, the synthesis reactions; small molecules are put together to make larger macromolecules; net energy input is required |
| Catabolism | Destructive metabolism, decomposition reactions; large macromolecules are broken down into small component molecules; net energy output |
| Between anabolism and catabolism, which one uses energy and which one provides energy? | Anabolism uses energy and catabolism provides energy |
| How are catabolic and anabolic reactions coupled? | They are coupled because catabolic reactions provide the energy to manufacture the ATP to run anabolic reactions |
| Substrate-level phosphorylation | Direct transfer of P from P-containing substrate (not a lot of ATP created this way) |
| Oxidative Phosphorylation | Electrons passed from organic compunds are passed through a series of reactions (involving electron carriers) to inorganic molecules ( a lot of ATP made this way) |
| Photophosphorylation | Pigments of photosynthetic cells trap light energy and convert it to chemical energy |
| Respiration | Pyruvate molecules are further broken down in the Krebs Cycle and molecules generated in the Krebs Cycle (NADH-electron carriers) are used in the electron transport chain to generate large amounts of ATP; final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule |
| Aerobic Respiration | Final electron acceptor is oxygen; final products are carbon dioxide and water and lots of ATP |
| Anaerobic Respiration | Final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule other than oxygen; amount of ATP generated varies with the organism and pathway but is always less than in aerobic respiration |
| Fermentation | Breakdown of glucose or other organic molecules into various endproducts and energy; does not require oxygen; does not require use of Krebs Cycle or electron transport chain; uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor |
| Fermentation continued | Produces only tiny amounts of ATP(only 2 ATP) because the starting molecule is not broken down completely; products include lactic acid and other acids or alcohols |
| Which produces more ATP, respiration or fermentation? | Respiration produces more ATP, fermentation only makes 2 ATP |
| What is ATP? | Adenosine Triphosphate; energy molecule used by cells which is manufactured by the catabolism of foodstuff |
| Function of ATP | Main energy source for many cellular functions |
| Amount of glucose broken down in respiration | Glucose is broken down more completely (most energy is extracted) |
| Amount of glucose broken down in fermentation | Glucose is very partially broken down (some energy is extracted) |
| Homolactic Fermentation | Produces only lactic acid |
| Heterolactic Fermentation | Produces lactic acid and other acids or alcohols |
| Fermentation Tests | Test tube with medium containing protein, one type of carbohydrate, a pH indicator (phenol red) and Durham tube (inverted tube that catches gas) |
| How does phenol red appear in different pH conditions? | ph 7= reddish, pH below 7= yellow, pH above 7= deep red or hot pink |
| Different positive fermentation test results | Acid=yellow tube contents/ Gas= gas pushes Durham tube upward and tube is red/ Acid and Gas= gas pushes Durham tupe upward and tube is yellow |
Created by:
lisaanne11
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