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med immunology 18
Transplantation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which type of graft: grafts transplanted from one part of the body to another in the same individual. | autografts |
| which type of graft: grafts transplanted between two genetically identical individuals of the same species. | isografts (syngrafts) |
| In syngeneic grafts(isografts), donor and recipient are described as ____________. | histocompatible |
| which type of grafts: grafts transplanted between two geenetically different individuals of the same species. | allografts |
| which type of grafts: grafts transplanted between individuals of different species. | Xenografts |
| in allografts, donor and recipient are described as _________. | nonhistocompatible or histoincompatible |
| in xenograts, donor and recipient are described as _________. | hintoincompatible |
| Order types of grafts in most significant chance of rejection to the least. | Xenograts, allografts, isografts, autograts |
| What does this phenomena called: Allograft transplantation between two organisms not previously sensitized to the graft tissue? | first-set rejection |
| In first-set rejection, necrosis of the graft usually begins within ____ days of transplantation. | 10 |
| What does phenomena called: failure of an organ or tissue graft in a host who is already immune to the histocompatibility antigens of the graft because of a previous graft with the same antigens. | second-set rejection |
| in second-set rejection, rejection begins within ____ days. | 6-8 |
| which rejection starts faster? | second-set rejection |
| which category of allograft rejection: rejection begin in minutes to hours, caused by preformed antibodies. | hyperacute rejection |
| which category of allograft rejection: recipient not previously sensitized to transplant, T-cell mediated | acute rejection |
| which category of allograft rejection: caused by both antibody and cell-mediated immunity, slow, progressive-months to years | chronic rejection |
| There are three types of mechanisms of alloantigen recognition by T-cells. Which type is this: recognition of an intact allogenetic MHC molecule displayed by donor APC in the graft? | direct recognition |
| There are three types of mechanisms of alloantigen recognition by T-cells. Which type is this: uptake and presentation of allogeneic donor MHC molecules by recipient APC in "normal way", recognition by T cells like conventional foreign antigens? | indirect recognition |
| There are three types of mechanisms of alloantigen recognition by T-cells. Which type is this: an allogenietic MHC molecule with a bound peptide can mimic the determinant formed by self MHC molecule plus foreign peptide | cross-recognition |
| Which type of alloantigen recognition needs recipient APCs? | indirect recognition |
| which type of alloantigen recognition causes acute rejection? | direct recognition |
| which type of alloantigen recognition causes chronic rejection? | indirect recognition |
| which type of alloantigen recognition causes vigorous rejection? | direct recognition |
| which type of alloantigen recognition causes weak rejection? | indirect recognition |
| what rejection mechanism causes hyperacute rejection? | humoral rejection mechanism |
| humoral rejection mechanism is caused by _____________ which activate complement, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity(ADCC), opsonization enhancing or blocking antibodies. it has important role in ________ rejection. | pre-formed antibodies, hyperacute |
| In humoral rejection mechanism, pre-formed antibodies activate ______, _______, ______. | complement, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), opsonization |
| For transplantation, there are 3 tyeps of tissue typing, _______, ________, ________. | ABO and Rh blood typing, Crossmatching(preformed antibodies), HLA typing |
| List 3 types of HLA | HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DR |
| What does this therapy called: used to suppress the immune system approximately 2 weeks pre-transplantation to reduce the incidence of immediate rejection of the graft | induction therapy |
| What does this therapy called: keeps immune system suppressed to facilitate graft survival over time | maintenance therapy |
| which immunosuppressive therapy uses combinations of synergistic immunosuppressive drugs which targets a specific immune mechanism, and lower dosage is used than the other therapy. | maintenance therapy |
| List 3 types of agents used for immunosuppressive therapy. | anti-inflmmatory agents, anti-metabolites(cytotoxic drugs), agents that interfere with cytokine production and signaling |
| which type of agents are these: prednisone, predonisolone, methyprednisolone | anti-inflammatory agents |
| which type of agents are these: azathioprine, mercaptopurine, mycophenolate mofetil | anti-metabolites(cytotoxic drugs) |
| which type of agents are these: cyclosporine, FK-506, rapamycin | agents that interfere with cytokine production and signaling |
| which agent will do this: bind to intracellular steroid receptors on almost every cell of the body | prednisone, predonisolone, methyprednisolone |
| which agent will do this: down-regulate the expression of several genes that code for inflammatory cytokines | prednisone, prednisolone, methyprednisolone |
| which agent will do this: reduce phagocytosis and killing by neutrophils and macrophages and reduce expression of MHC II molecules | prednisone, prednisolone, methyprednisolone |
| which agent may have these toxic effects: fluid retention, weight gain, diabetes, skin thinning, bone loss | prednisone, prednisolone, methyprednisolone |
| which agents will do this: interfere with synthesis of RNA and DNA and become cytotoxic to lymphocytes | azathioprine, mercaptopurine, mycophenolate mofetil |
| which agents will do this: can cause anemia, leukopenia thrombocytopenia, intestinal dagame, hair loss | azathioprine, mercaptopurine, mycophenolate mofetil |
| which agents are originally developed to treat cancer? | azathioprine, meeraptopurine, myucophenolate mofetil |
| which agent is this: derived from soil fungus Tolypocladium inflatum,inhibits TCR signal transduction and synthesis of IL-2 | cyclosporine |
| which agent is this: macrolide from bacteria Streptomyces tsukabaenis, interfere T cell activation blocking calcinurin activity | FK-506 |
| which agent is this: macrolide from bacteria Streptomyces hygroscopicus, inhibits T cell activation | Rapamycin |
| What is called the phosphatase which leads to cytokine gene transcription? It is blocked by agents to interefire cytokine production and sigaling. | calcinurine |
Created by:
hiroko lucky2
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