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Bio Modu 16
Module 16: Reptiles, Birds, Mammals
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Amniotic Egg | A shelled, water-retaining egg that allows reptile, bird, and certain mammal embryos to develop on land |
| Class Reptilia Characteristics | Covered w/tough, dry scales; ectothermic; breathe w/lungs; 3-chambered heart w/partially divided ventricle; amniotic eggs |
| Purpose of Scales | Prevent water loss and insulate |
| Amniotic Egg: Allantois | Sac of blood vessels for embryo's respiration and excretion |
| Amniotic Egg: Amnion | Fluid-filled sac in which embryo floats |
| Amniotic Egg: Yolk | Clump of nutrients for embryo |
| Amniotic Egg: Chorion | Envelops all |
| Amniotic Egg: Albumen | Egg white, chemical defense mechanism, stores water/protein, shock-absorber |
| Tuatara | Class Reptilia, Order Rhynchocephalia. "Spine bearer" is nocturnal, has slow reproduction and third eye: parietal eye |
| Order Squamata | Lizards and Snakes |
| Lizard/Snake difference | Lizards: 2 pairs of limbs, ears can hear, same scales all over, eyelids. Snakes: no limbs, deaf, belly scales(scutes), no eyelids |
| Lizard Types | Iguana, Komodo Dragon (largest), Gecko (small, hairy feet use Van der Waal's forces), Chameleon (colors for camouflage/communication), Horned Toad (blood from eyes), Gila Monster (poisonous, largest in US) |
| What are scutes? | Specialized scales on snake's belly to grasp ground |
| Snake's Senses | Deaf, keen smell from nostrils and Jacobson's Organs, vipers use heat-sensing pits |
| Constriction | Squeezing prey to death (anaconda, (ball) python, boa constrictor) |
| Neurotoxin | A Poison that attacks the nervous system, causing blindness, paralysis, or suffocation |
| Hemotoxin | A poison that attacks the red blood cells and blood vessels, destroying circulation |
| Short, fixed fangs have | Neurotoxins (sea snake, coral snake, cobra) |
| Long, storable fangs have | Hemotoxins (vipers, copperheads, rattlesnakes, weastern diamond back) |
| Quadrate Bone | Acts as hinge to allow wide-open mouth |
| Largest turtle | Leatherback sea turtle |
| Order Testudines | Turtles, tortoises |
| Croc/Alligator Difference | Aligators have thick blunt snouts, Crocs have thin pointed snouts with teeth outside |
| Order Crocidilia | Crocodiles, alligators. Largest reptiles |
| Dinosaurs nickname | "Terrible Lizard" |
| Aptosaurus | Sauropods, largest of all, herbivores |
| Stegosaurus | Thyreophorans, herbivores |
| Triceratops | Marginocephalia, "fringe-heads," herbivores |
| Tyrannosaurus | Theropods, "King of Dinos," fierce predator |
| Plesiosaurus | Sauropterygia, "Lizard Flippers," fierce predator |
| Pteranodon | Flyer, caught fish |
| Class Aves Characteristics | Endothermic, 4-chambered heart, toothless bill, oviparous (lime shell), feathered, porous/lightweight bones |
| Endotherm | Organism that is internally warmed by a heat-generating metabolic process |
| Parts of a Feather: Shaft | Quill and rachis |
| Parts of a Feather: Quill | Bare portion |
| Parts of a Feather: Rachis | Holds vane |
| Parts of a Feather: Vane | Parallel barbs, smooth/hooked barbules |
| What is preening | Bird spreading oil over wings so barbules slide freely |
| Down Feathers | Feathers with smooth barbules and no hooked barbules |
| Contour Feathers | Feathers with hooked and smooth barbules allowing them to interlock |
| Alula | "Landing feathers" that solve turbulence |
| Bird Molting | Loses symmetrical pairs of feathers in order to not lose ability to fly |
| Science Learned from Birds | 1. Proper structure of wing 2. To make strong, hollow |
| Class Mammalia Characteristics | Hair Covering skin, internal fertilization (viviparous), nourish young w/milk, 4-chambered heart, endothermic |
| Hair | Nonliving cells produced by hair follicles. Underhair for insulation. Under/guard hair for camouflage, defense, senses |
| Placenta | Structure that allows an embryo to be nourished with the mother's blood supply |
| Infant/Mother's blood | Close blood vessels to exchange gases, but never mix blood |
| Gestation | Period of time during which an embryo develops before being born |
| Mammary Glands | Specialized organs in mammals that produce milk to nourish the young |
| Lactating | Active mammary glands |
| Order Monotremetatta | Egg-laying mammals (duck-billed platypus) |
| Order Marsupialia | Nonplacental, pouched (kangaroos, koalas, possums) |
| Order Chiroptera | Flying mammals (bats) |
| Order Carnivora | Meat eaters w/canine fangs (cats, dogs, bears) |
| Order Sirenia/Cetacea | Aquatic mammals |
| Order Proboscidea | Elephants |
| Order Perissodactyla/Artiodactyla | Hoofed mammals |
| Order Rodentia | Rodents, largest number of species |
| Order Lagomorpha | "Rodent-like" rabbits/hares. Rabbits born w/out hair; Hares born w/fur |
| Order Edentata (aka Xenarthra) | Anteater (has no teeth) |
| Order Tubilidentata | Aardvark (has teeth) |
| Order Insectivora | Shrews, moles hedgehogs |
| Order Primates | Erect mammals (monkeys, apes, lemurs, us) |
| Order Primates Characteristics | Depth perception, large brain, omnivores, nails, most have 5 fingers/toes, opposable thumbs, long gestation, highly social |
Created by:
Safire25509
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