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chapter1science test
chapter 1 science test
| terms | definitions |
|---|---|
| element | any substances that can not be broken down into simpler substance |
| atom | the smallest unit of an element |
| compound | two or more elements that are chemically combined |
| molecule | the smallest unit of most compounds |
| organic compound | a compound that contains carbon |
| inorganic compound | a compound that does not contain carbon |
| carbohydrates | energy-rich organic compounds, such as sugars and starches, that are made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| protein | large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur |
| amino acid | small molecules that are linked together chemically to form proteins |
| enzyme | a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing |
| lipid-energy | rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| nucleic acid | a very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life |
| dna | the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring |
| rna | a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins |
| cell | the basic unit if structure and function in a living thing |
| microscope | an instrument that makes small objects look larger |
| compound microscope | a light microscope that has more than one lens |
| cell theory | a widely accepted explanation of the relationships between cells and living things |
| magnification | the ability to make things look larger than they really are |
| convex lens | the ability to make thinigs look larger than they are |
| resolution | the ability to clearly distinguish the individual parts of an object |
| organelle | a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell. some produce energy, build and transport needed materials, and store and recycle waste. |
| cell wall | a rigid layer of nonliving material that sorrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms. it is made of material called cellulose |
| cell membrane | a cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell |
| nucleus | a cell structure that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instructions that direct all the cell's activities |
| chromatin | material in cells that contain DNA and carries genetic information |
| cytoplasm | the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus; in organism without a nucleus, the region located inside the cell membrane. |
| mitochondrion | rod-shaped cell structures that produce most of the energy needed to carry out the cell's function |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a cell structure that form a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another |
| ribosomes | a small grain-like structure in the cell cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made |
| golgi body | a structure in a cell that recieves proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell |
| chloroplast | a structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that capturesenergy from sunlight and uses it to produce food |
| vacuole | a water-filled sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area |
| lysosome | a small round cell structure that contains chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones |
| selectively permeable | a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, whle others cannot |
| diffusion | the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane |
| passive transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy |
| active transport | the movement of materials through a cell memnbrane using energy |
Created by:
briemarie7
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