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Mr. Mac's Cells

Basic Cell Anatomy

QuestionAnswer
What is a cell? A cell is the smallest part of an organism that performs all the necessary functions of life. It is the basic unit of all life.
What is the covering around a cell called. Cell membrane or plasma membrane (same thing)
What does the cell membrane (plasma membrane) do? It forms barrier around the cell to protect it. It lets good things in and waste out.
What tells the cell how to perform and what to do? Nucleus
Tell me about the nucleus of a cell. It has all the information about what you are (DNA). It has the master plans. It is the control center of the cell. It has a nucleolus and a nuclear membrane.
What is DNA? (chromatin, genes, hereditary information, etc...) DNA is the master plans or blue print for the cell and the whole organism in which the cell is found. DNA contains all the genetic material of the organism. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is in a double helix shape.
What are all the little structures in cells that do different jobs called? Organelles
Are there many organelles? Yes, but we will only study a few.
Do all cells have the same organelles? No! Plant cells have a few different organelles than animal cells. And eukaryotic cells have organelles prokaryotic cells don't.
Name some organelles plant cells have that animal cells don't. Chloroplasts and cell walls.
What are chloroplasts? Organelles found in plant cells that carry out photosynthesis and contain chlorophyll.
What is a cell wall? An additional outer layer of a plant cell. This layer adds strength, rigidity and support to the cell and organism.
What organelles do plant and animal cells share? Many! A nucleus, mitochondria, cell membrane, ribosomes and many others.
How does a cell get energy? The mitochondria is the "power house" of the cell. In the mitochondria food and oxygen are turned into energy. This process is called... cellular respiration!
Do all living things have cells? Yes
Is water made of cells? No. Water is an abiotic factor in a ecosystem. Water is not a living thing!
What is in between all the organelles in a cell? What "fills" up the rest of the space in a cell? There is a watery gel-like substance that fills the "empty" space in a cell and it is called CYTOPLASM.
Do plant cells have chloroplasts? Yes -Animal cells don't.
What are lysosomes? Organelles that are found in animal cells that clean up and break down dead and un-needed cell parts to be reused or disposed of.
What is Cell Theory? 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of (function and structure ) life -They carryout life processes -All functions of life happen in cells 3. All cells come from other cells.
Where does photosynthesis happen? In the chloroplasts of plant cells.
Where does cellular respiration happen? In the mitochondria of BOTH plant and animal cells
What does unicellular mean? one cell
What is the lowest level of organization in organisms? the cell
What does multicellular mean? many cells
What is an organism? A living thing
What is the Golgi body? A cell organelle that helps process and package molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.
What is the Golgi apparatus? Same as the Golgi body. A cell organelle that helps process and package molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.
What is the Golgi Complex? Same as the Golgi body. A cell organelle that helps process and package molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.
What are ribosomes? Little grain-like organelles that make proteins to used all over the cell.
What are vacuoles? Cell Organelle -Sacs that store food, water and waste.
Do plant cells have vacuoles? Yes -Usually VERY Large ones.
Do animal cells have vacuoles? Sometimes -Usually smaller ones.
What is the watery medium (gooey stuff) that fills a cell and holds the other organelles called? cytoplasm
Who named the cell? Sometimes given credit for discovering cells also. Robert Hooke
Who figured out that all animals were made of cells? Schwann
Who figured out that all plants were made of cells? Schleiden
Who figured out cells come from other cells? Virchow -Using research stolen from Robert Remak
Who is credited for first seeing and sharing his discoveries of microscopic life (living cells)? Anton Von Leeuwenhoek
Where is the nucleolus found? Inside the nucleus
Nuclear Membrane? The barrier/covering that surrounds the nucleus
This chemical found in chloroplasts of plant cells collects energy from sunlight. Chlorophyll
Sunlight, carbon dioxide and water are used in what process? Photosynthesis
Oxygen and sugar (food) are used in what process? Cellular respiration
Which is smaller -cell or atom? Atoms Cells are made of millions of atoms
Which is the highest level of cellular organization? organism
What process is used inside mitochondria to make energy? Cellular Respiration
What process is used inside chlororplasts to make food/sugar/glucose? Photosynthesis
What are inputs of photosynthesis? H20 + C02 + Energy Water + Carbon dioxide + Sunlight
What are outputs of photosynthesis? Sugar + 02 Glucose/C6H12O6 + Oxygen
What are outputs of cellular respiration? H20 + C02 + Energy Water + Carbon dioxide + Sunlight
What are inputs of cellular respiration? Sugar + 02 Glucose/C6H12O6 + Oxygen
What is the gooey, watery substance inside cells? Cytoplasm
Which organelles has a double membrane and interior folds? Mitchondria
What is another namer for the membrane found on ALL cells? Plasma membrane
Where is DNA, genetic material, genes, hereditary information, or chromatin found? Inside the nucleus
The endoplasmic reticulum is found near the _______________. Nucleus.
Ribosomes are found throughout the cytoplasm and on which organelle? Endoplasmic reticulum (specifically the rough ER)
Which scientist was an innovator of the microscope and is often called the father of microscopy? Anton Von Leeuwenhook
Created by: MrMac
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