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23TheUrinarySystem
Chapter 23 The Urinary System Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Micturition occurs when the ___ contracts... | Detrusor muscle |
| Process of separating wastes from the body fluids and eliminating them... | Excretion |
| The compact ball of capillaries in a nephron... | Glomerulus |
| Most abundant nitrogenous waste in the blood... | Urea |
| Urine is about ___ % water... | Ninety-five |
| The glomerulus and glomerular capsule make up one... | Renal corpuscle |
| Increased ADH secretion should cause the urine to have a lower ___ concentration ... | Potassium |
| The urinary system consists of ___ principle organs... | Six |
| Any substance that is useless to the body or present in excess of the body's needs is known as a(n)... | Waste |
| Substances containing nitrogen that are produced as by-products of cellular metabolism... | Nitrogenous wastes |
| Any chemical that increases urine volume... | Diuretic |
| The most abundant solute in the urine aside from urea... | Chlorine ions |
| The kidney is protected by ___ layers of connective tissue... | 3 |
| The kidneys receive about 1.2 liters of blood per minute which is known as the ___ | Renal fraction |
| Animals that must conserve water have ___ more numerous nephron loops that those that have little need for conservation... | Longer |
| Hormone that regulates the amount of water reabsorbed by the collecting duct... | Antidiuretic hormone |
| Ability of the nephrons to adjust their own blood flow without external control... | Renal autoregulation |
| Waste substance produced by the body... | Metabolic waste |
| Blood flows through the ___ arteries just before entering the cortical radiate arteries; all part of the blood supply to the kidneys | Arcuate |
| Each ___ is composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule... | Nephron |
| Group of epithelial cells of the nephron loop that monitors the flow or composition of the tubular fluid... | Macula densa |
| Reflex that is an autonomic reflex activated by pressure in the urinary bladder... | Micturition |
| Sphincter that is under involuntary control and relaxes during the micturition reflex... | Internal urethral sphincter |
| The two ureters and the urethra form boundaries of a smooth area called the ___ on the floor of the urinary bladder... | Trigone |
| Abrupt decline in renal function often due to traumatic damage to the nephron or a loss of blood flow stemming from hehmorrhage.... | Acute renal failure |
| Any metabolic disorder resulting in chronic polyuria... | Diabetes |
| Autoimmune inflammation of the glomeruli which leads to hematuria, edema and hypertension... | Acute glomerulonephritis |
| Excretion of large amounts of protein in the urine... | Nephrotic syndrome |
| Inability to hold urine | Urinary incontinence |
| Increase in fluid pressure in the renal pelvis owing to obstruction of the ureter by kidney stones... | Hydronephrosis |
| Infection of the urinary bladder.... | Cystitis |
| Kidney stone... | Renal calculus |
| Often requires a kidney transplant or hemodialysis... | Chronic renal failure |
| Procedure for artificially clearing wastes from the blood when the kidneys are not adequately doing so... | Hemodialysis |
| Slipping of the kidney to an abnormally low position... | Nephroptosis |
| State in which kidneys cannot maintain hemostasis due to extensive destruction of their nephrons... | Renal insufficiency |
| Urine output less than 500 ml a day... | Oliguria |
| Urine output greater than 2 L a day... | Polyuria |
| Any metabolic disorder resulting in chronic polyuria... | Diabetes |
| Body's principle means of waste excretion... | Urinary system |
| About 50% of the nitrogenous waste in the body... | Urea |
| About ___ of the water that passes through the kidney is reabsorbed... | Two-thirds |
| Yellow color of urine is due to...which is a pigment produced by the breakdown of hemoglobine and red blood cells | Urochrome |
| The kidneys secrete the hormone ___ which stimulates the production of red blood cells... | Erythropoietin |
| Concave surface of the kidney where the renal nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics and ureter are admitted... | Hilum |
| Fluid in the capsular space which is similar to blood plasma except that it has almost no protein... | Glomerular filtrate |
| Fluid from the proximal convoluted tubule through the distal convoluted tubule is called... | Tubular fluid |
| Fluid that has entered the collecting duct... | Urine |
| Blood in the urine... | Hematuria |
| Protein in the urine... | Proteinuria |
| The process of reclaiming water and solutes from the tubular fluid and returning them to the blood... | Tubular reabsorption |
| PRocess in which the renal tubule extracts chemicals from the capillary blood and secretes them into the tubular fluid... | Tubular secretion |
| Salt-retaining hormone... | Aldosterone |
| Location of the micturition center in the brain... | Pons |
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SavannahElkins
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