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BI 314 Chapter 11

Key Terms from Essential Cell Biology

TermDefinition
Amphipathic Having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, as in a phospholipid or a detergent molecule
Bacteriorhodopsin Pigmented protein found in the plasma membrane of a salt-loving bacterium, Halobacterium halobium; it pumps protons out of the cell in response to light
Carbohydrate Layer A layer of sugar residues, including the polysaccharide portions of proteoglycans and oligosaccharides attached to protein or lipid molecules, on the outer surface of a cell
Cholesterol Lipid molecule with a characteristic four-ringed steroid structure that is an important component of the plasma membranes of animal cells
Detergent Soapy substance used by biochemists to solubilize membrane proteins
Lipid Bilayer Thin bimolecular sheet of mainly phospholipid molecules that forms the structural basis for all cell membranes. The two layers of lipid molecules are packed with their hydrophobic tails pointing inward and their hydrophilic heads outward, exposed to water
Membrane Domain Functionally specialized region in a cell membrane, characterized by the presence of particular proteins
Membrane Protein A protein associated with a lipid bilayer; can be either integral (transmembrane) or peripheral
Phosphatidylcholine Common phospholipid present in abundance in most biological membranes
Phospholipid Type of lipid molecule used to make biological membranes; generally composed of two fatty acids linked through glycerol phosphate to one of a variety of polar groups
Plasma Membrane The membrane that surrounds a living cell
Saturated Describes an organic molecule that contains no double or triple carbon-carbon bonds
Unsaturated Describes a molecule that contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds
Created by: knye
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