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Rocks & Minerals--

QuestionAnswer
A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition mineral
The "I" in SNIFC (means "non-living") inorganic
The "C" in SNIFC (has flat sides called faces that meet at sharp edges and corners) crystal
The _____ of a mineral is the color of its powder. streak
The term _____ is used to describe how light is reflected from a mineral's surface. luster
Defined as mass in a given space, or mass per unit volume (mass divided by volume) density
This scale ranks 10 minerals from softest to hardest. This can be determined by a scratch test. hardness
A mineral that splits easily along flat surfaces has this property. cleavage
This describes how a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way (does not split apart evenly). fracture
Minerals can form in two ways: by crystallization of magma/lava or by crystallization of materials dissolved in _____. water
One factor that determines the size of crystals is the rate at which magma/lava _____. cools
Large crystals form when _____ cools slowly deep below the surface. magma
When magma erupts to the surface it is called _____ which cools quickly and forms small or microscopic crystals. lava
A solid mixture of 2 or more minerals and other materials. rock
This type of rock forms from the cooling of magma or lava; Latin for "fire" igneous
This type of rock forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together. sedimentary
This type of rock forms when an existing rock is changed by heat or pressure; Greek for "change" & "form" metamorphic
The rock _____ is a series of processes on Earth's surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly change rocks from one kind to another. cycle
This type of igneous rock forms from lava that erupted onto Earth's surface resulting in fine grain/small crystal rocks. extrusive
This type of igneous rock forms when magma hardened beneath Earth's surface resulting in large grain/large crystal rocks. intrusive
The removal of rock fragments/particles by wind, water, ice or gravity. erosion
The process that presses sediments together. compaction
The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and "glue" particles of sediment together. cementation
Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or organisms; can become pressed or cemented together to form rock sediment
The "F" in SNIFC means "fixed _____ composition" (the makeup of a mineral). chemical
The process that breaks down rock and other substances of Earth's surface. weathering
The process in which particles or sediments are layed down (settle) onto a surface. deposition
The "S" in SNIFC (represents a phase/state of matter) solid
The "N" in SNIFC (means not man-made) natural
TRUE or FALSE? Obsidian, an igneous rock, is "nature's glass" and results when lava cools very quickly in ocean water. true
TRUE or FALSE? Both soft coal and hard coal are sedimentary rocks. false
TRUE or FALSE? Granite, an igneous rock, can result when magma cools very slowly under ground. true
TRUE or FALSE? Marble is metamorphic. Its "parent rock" (the one that becomes marble) is limestone. true
TRUE or FALSE? Conglomerate (a compacted/cemented mixture of gravel and pebbles) is classified as metamorphic. false
TRUE or FALSE? Shale is the metamorphic cousin to the original parent rock slate. false
TRUE or FALSE? There is only one path through the rock cycle. false
TRUE or FALSE? Two methods that combine sediments into sedimentary rocks are: compaction & cementation. true
Which type of sediment is the smallest? (rock, sand, gravel, clay, pebble, silt) clay
TRUE or FALSE? Rocks form minerals. false
TRUE or FALSE? Igneous rocks with large grains (crystals) cooled slowly. true
Which type of rock developed first on Earth? (igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary) igneous
What is the hardest known mineral? diamond
TRUE or FALSE? The heat that changes a rock into metamorphic rock comes from earth's mantle layer. true
TRUE or FALSE? Glass is a mineral. false
TRUE or FALSE? Coal is a mineral. false
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