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mutations & disease
study mutations and diseases associated with genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sudden change in the amount or structure of DNA or chromosomes | mutation |
| first individuals to show a new trait | mutants |
| factors in the environment, such as radiation and chemicals, that can cause a mutation | mutagen |
| abnormal change in the structure of all or part of a chromosome or number of chromosomes | chromosomal mutation |
| addition or loss of a whole chromosome due to improper separation during meiosis | nondisjunction |
| genetic condition from an extra 21st chromosome; results in mental handicap and physical abnormalities | Downs syndrome |
| technique used to analyze chromosomes by photographing chromosomes and arranging them with their homologous pairs | karyotype |
| technique used to remove fluid around a fetus and analyze chromosomes using karyotyping | amniocentesis |
| changes that affect nucleotides of DNA or RNA or the amino acid sequence | gene mutations |
| gene mutation in which a nucleotide base is replaced or substituted | insertion |
| gene mutation in which an extra nucleotide is added to the sequence | addition |
| gene mutation in which a nucleotide is removed from a sequence | deletion |
| using blood tests, proteins, and other body fluids to determine the presence of genetic diseases | screening |
| recessive disorder that results in abnormally shaped blood cells; carries little oxygen and can cause clotting | sickle cell disease |
| recessive disorder that results in the inability to produce an enzyme to break down the amino acid phenyalanine | phenylketonuria (PKU) |
| recessive disorder that produces a thick mucous that can clog airways | cystic fibrosis |
| dominant disorder that results in the the progressive break down of brain cells | Huntington disease |
| changes in the environment influence traits that are passed on to offspring | natural selection |
| humans influence what traits are passed on through regulating how animal mate | selective breeding |
| humans influence traits by adding and removing DNA from organisms | gene manipulation |
| genes on the same chromosome that are close together and are less likely to separate from each other during crossing-over | linked genes |
| identical chromosomes regardless of gender; chromosomes 1-22 | autosomes |
| chromosomes that determine gender; chromosome pair 23 | sex chromosomes |
| capable of influencing the expression of a gene; health, color of rabbit's fur, gender of alligator, etc. | environment |
| choosing the best organisms with the most desired trait for mating | artificial selection |
| mating closely related individuals to produce a characteristic; used in domestication of animals | inbreeding |
| mating individuals that are not closely related to produce hardier hybrid offsrpring; also called outbreeding | hybridization |
Created by:
aeckert
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