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Mycology_3
Mushroom, Mold, and Men
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the primary symptoms of ergotism? | Gangrene and convulsions |
| Who were affected by ergot poisoning in Peter the Great's Black Sea campaign in 1695? | soldiers and horses |
| Aflatoxin was discovered after it had poisoned thousands of ____ in Italy in 1960 | turkeys |
| True or false: Many of the most potent mycotoxins we studied in class are associated with contaminated grain and grain products | True |
| True or false: Penicillium is one of the few Ascomycetes that does not produce mycotoxins. | False |
| True or false: Alexander Fleming was the discoverer of penicillin, but it was Florey and Chain who brought it to commercial production | True |
| True or false: Plants are well known for producing a variety of natural antifungal compounds | True |
| True or false: Unlike other well-known medicinal mushrooms, Cordyceps is produced on the cadavers of insects. | True |
| True or false: Although interesting, nematode-trapping fungi have little utility as biocontrol agents for nematode management in agricultural systems | True |
| True or false: All insect pathogenic fungi belong to the fungal division ascomycota | false |
| True or false: Ambrosia beetles transport fungi to new tree hosts and will eat the fungus when it colonizes their galleries. | True |
| True or false: Mound building termites and leaf cutter ants cultivate fungi in gardens and harvest the mycelium for food. | True |
| True or false: The phrase "Nature abhors a vacuum" means that wherever there is a biological void in an ecosystem, it will quickly be filled by some organism. | True |
| Most animal pathogens are in this group for fungi | Ascomycota |
| The fungus that causes ergot of grain is in this fungal division | Ascomycota |
| Most of the fungi humans traditionally eat for health are from this fungal group | Basidiomycota |
| Casual agent for the current panzootic disease of amphibians is in this fungal division | Zygomycota |
| Penicillin was originally isolated from Fungi in this division | Ascomycota |
| Agaricus bisporus is from this fungal group | Basidiomycota |
| Most nematode-trapping fungi are from this fungal division | Ascomycota |
| Aflatoxin as well as many of the mycotoxins found in food are produced by this group of fungi | Ascomycota |
| White nose syndrome of bats is caused by a fungus in this division | Ascomycota |
| Fungi responsible for most respiratory disease are from this fungal Division | Ascomycota |
| Professor Pryor works primarily on a genus of fungi in this division | Ascomycota |
| The common yeast found on humans, Candida, is from this fungal group | Ascomycota |
| The drug LSD was originally isolated from a fungus in this division | Ascomycota |
| Endomycorrhizal fungi used to be in this fungal division until they got their very own division, glomeromycota | Zygomycota |
| The fungal partner in lichens is usually from this fungal group | Ascomycota |
| The fifth type of taste category describing "savory" is called what? | Umami |
| The term _______ refers to web of fungal hyphae that surround and are linked to the plant root cells as part of an extomycorrhizal symbiosis. | Hartig net |
| ______ is a mycotoxin produced by an Ascomycete and is one of the most potent carcinogens known to man. | Aflatoxin |
| Endomycorrhizal fungi attach to their host by a specialized structure known as a _____, which function like haustoria of pathogens but allow the movement of nutrient back and forth between host (plant) and fungus. | arbuscule |
| What are large tree-like fossils though to be primitive fungi from the Devonian Age? | prototaxites |
| A ____ is a fungal pathogen that feeds off of skin, hair, and nails. | dermatophyte |
| The term ____ applies to a fungus that grows on the surface of aerial portions of the plant and does not invade plant tissue | epiphyte |
| A type of symbiosis in which one partner benefits and one partner has no positive or negative effect is called what? | commensalism |
| ____ is a disease caused of livestock caused by eating a type of arid land plant that is colonized by an endophyte that produces the toxic alkaloid swainsonine | Locoism |
| Skin hair, and nails are composed of the protein called _____, which some human pathogenic fungi can feed off of | keratin |
| ____ are reproductive structure of lichen which consis of the fungal ascospores linked to one or more accompanying algal cells so tat both the fungus and algae disperse together | diaspores |
| The term ____ refers to the deep tissue beneath the skin where only the most aggressive fungi can infect | subcutaneous |
| A type of symbiosis in which both partners benefit is called what? | Mutualism |
| The algal partner in a lichen is referred to as a | phycobiont |
| White rot fungi are able to degrade _____, but brown rot fungi can't. | lignin |
| Who were the two most important people in the discovery and promotion of LSD and what was their contribution? | Albert Hofmann- discovered it and went on 1st "trip" Timothy Leary- supported it in 60s |
| Name 3 types of structures fungi make with their hyphae to actively catch a nematode. | Adhesive knobs, constricting/nonconstricting rings, adhesive 3d networks |
| Name 3 of the 4 most common filamentous Ascomycetes responsible for contaminating food with mycotoxins | penicillium alternaria fusarium |
| Name 3 types of morphology that lichens are grouped into. Describe. | Foliose- thallus resembles leaves Crustose- thallus forms a crust fruticose- thallus resembles a tree |
| What are fungi? | Achlorphylous, filamentous, obtain nutrients via obsorption, reproduce via spores, walls of chitin,a nd haploid |
| Provide the common name for 4 of the 5 most popular medicinal mushrooms | Shitake Maytake Almond Rashi Cordycepts |
| Describe 4 health benefits generally attributed to eating mushrooms and provide the active ingredient in mushrooms that provide each benefit. | Anticarcinogens- conjugated linoleic acids Viral immunity- beta-glucan antioxidants- ergotheoneine lower cholesterol- statins |
| Describe 4 methods to test for mold contamination in "sick buildings" | Observation humidity testing- of walls, floors, and ceilings sterile swabs- to test hard surfaces Mechanical air samples- test for airborne spores |
| Describe white nose syndrome in bats. | NE U.S. Hibernating cave bats Makes them wake up early- no food and they burn all their fat reserves Quarantine infected areas |
| Discuss skin infections by dematophytes | Candida albicans(thrush), tinea capitas(athletes foot), trichophytan rubrum(ringworm) Nails and follicles Wearing poorly ventilates shoes, sharing stuff w/ contaminated people |
| Desribe 2 benefits a plant receives from its mycorrhizal association. 2 benefits of a fungus. | Plant: gets water and minerals, root system expanded Fungus: gets sugars and decomposes matter |
| Bonus Q | Mark Orbach |
Created by:
rciskewl
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