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meningitis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is meningitis? | inflammation of the pia matter and arachnoid membrane surrounding the spinal cord and CSF |
| What causes meningitis? | fungi, bacteria, virus, and parasites |
| What organisms cause meningitis? | Strep pneumoniae (pnuemococci), Neisseria (menigiococci), Haemophilus influenza |
| Which organism is decreasing in meningitis and why? | Haemophilus due to vaccine |
| How does the dz process of meningitis work? | inflammation of meninges to thickened formed adhesions to hydrocephalus (ICCP and CSF production) Purulent sectretions produced quickly and spread to other areas of the brain via CSF |
| How is bacterial meningitis prevented? | Through vaccines, (Pnuemococcal, H. Influenza, and MCV4/Menactra for Neisseria), treat URI, ATB prophylactic for family, drink pasteurized milk, monitor maternal infection during and before labor |
| What are S/S of meningitis? | HA, stiff neck, N/V, rash on body, sensitivity to bright lights, drowsy/less responsive |
| What is a positive Brudinski's sign? | In response to forward flexion movement of the head towards the chest, both hips and knees are flexed. The reflex is due to inflammation in the lumbar region. |
| What is a positive Kernig's sign? | Flex one hip at 90° and then straighten the knee. Positive sign – straightening the leg cause severe stiffness in the hamstring and pain. |
| What are the possible complications from bacterial meningitis? | Increased ICP causing unconsciousness, A few weeks of cranial nerve dysfunction involving CN II, III, IV, VI, VII, VIII, Hearing loss may be permanent, Hemiparesis, dysphasia, visual changes Seizures, DIC, Shock |
| What is the function of CN II | Oprtic nerve, transmits visual signals from the retina of the eye to the brain |
| What is function of CN III? | Occularmotor, perform most eye movements |
| What is the function of CN IV? | Trochlear, Innervates the superior oblique muscle, which depresses, rotates laterally, and intorts the eyeball |
| What is the function of CN VI? | Abducens, Innervates the lateral rectus, which abducts the eye |
| What is the function of CN VII? | Facial, muscles of facial expression, and taste |
| What is the function of CN VIII? | Acoustic, Senses sound, rotation, and gravity (essential for balance and movement). More specifically, the vestibular branch carries impulses for equilibrium and the cochlear branch carries impulses for hearing |
| What is the diagnostic done for meningitis? | LP and CSF analysis |
| What is the CSF like when positive for meningitis? | purulent, turbid, elevated protein, reduced BS, and presence of WBCs |
| Where should culture be taken if meningitis is suspected? | blood, CSF, Nose, and sputum |
| What further tests should be done? | Skull Xray to check for infected sinuses or skull fracture and head CT |
| What precautions should be taken if meningitis is suspected? | standard and droplet |
| What med is used to relieve HA in meningitis pts? | codiene |
Created by:
brebre273
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