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Carp115KeyHomeo
Prepare yourself for the homeostasis and cell transport of the Keystone Exam.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is another name used for the cell membrane? | plasma membrane |
| What is the term applied to the sheet-like structure that is composed of lipids and proteins? | plasma membrane |
| What two macromolecules typically make-up the cell membrane? | lipids proteins |
| How many lipid layers does the cell membrane contain? | 2 |
| What is meant by a lipid bilayer? | Having 2 sheets of lipids making up a single layer |
| What functions do the proteins play in the cell membrane's phospholipid bilayer? | receive messages transport molecules send messages |
| What macromolecules are continually moving within the phospholipid bilayer? | proteins lipids |
| What does selectively permeable mean? | Permits some molecules into and out of the cell and restricts other molecules from moving through the membrane. |
| The cell membrane is considered to be selectively permeable. What molecules can pass through the cell membrane due to its selective permeability? | ions, glucose, water, carbon dioxide, oxygen |
| What are the five functions of the cell membrane? | controls what enters and leaves the cell cell adhesion ion conductivity cell signaling serves as an attachment surface for other structures |
| What type of molecule movement across the cell membrane does not use energy? | passive transport |
| What type of molecule movement across the cell membrane moves substances from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration? | Passive transport |
| What term is applied to the movement of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water molecules across the plasma membrane using passive transport? | Diffusion |
| What term is applied to the movement of water across a plasma membrane from an area of high to low concentration? | Osmosis |
| What type of passive transport is the spontaneous passage of molecules or ions across a biological membrane passing with the help of proteins? | Facilitated diffusion |
| Polar molecules and ions can not diffuse freely across the plasma membrane due to the plasma membrane being hydrophobic. What does this mean? | The fatty acid tails of the interior of the plasma membrane are non-polar. Because this region is non-polar, polar molecules repel away from this area and are prevent from freely crossing the membrane. |
| Even though ions and polar molecules use transport proteins to move across a cell membrane, the way they move is still passive transport. What does this mean? | No energy is used Move from high to low concentration |
| What are the two key characteristics of active transport? | Uses energy Moves substances from low concentration to high concentrations |
| What form of energy does the cell use for all forms of active transport? | ATP |
| What are three common forms of active transport? | Sodium-potassium pump Exocytosis Endocytosis |
| What type of active transport moves three sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell? | Sodium-potassium pump |
| What energy is used by the cell to move potassium ions into the cell? | ATP |
| What energy is used by the cell to move sodium ions out of the cell? | ATP |
| Why must energy be used to move potassium ions into the cell? | Because the potassium ions are being moved from an area of low concentration to high concentration. |
| Why must energy be used to move sodium ions out of the cell? | Because the sodium ions are being moved from an area of low concentration to high concentration. |
| What active transport process permits cells to absorb molecules by engulfing them? | Endocytosis |
| What are the two types of endocytosis? | Pinocytosis Phagocytosis |
| What active transport process removes undigested residues of substances brought in by endocytosis? | exocytosis |
| What active transport process permits cells to secrete substances such as hormones and enzymes? | exocytosis |
| What organelle is considered the transportation system within the cell? | endoplasmic reticulum |
| What macromolecule does the endoplasmic reticulum tend to transport throughout the cell? | protein |
| What structure moves proteins around the cell that are destined for locations outside of the endoplasmic reticulum? | vesicles |
| What organelle structure helps move the vesicles through the cell? | cytoskeleton |
| What happens to the vesicles that leave the rough endoplasmic reticulum and are transported to the Golgi apparatus? | They bind with the Golgi apparatus and empty their contents. |
| What macromolecules does the Golgi complex tend to modify into new substances? | Proteins and phospholipids |
| What structure aids the Golgi apparatus in transporting modified and packaged macromolecules around and out of the cell? | vesicles |
| What are vesicles that contain digestive enzymes called? | lysosome |
| What process maintains a stable internal environment despite external conditions? | Homeostasis |
| What four structures in the human body maintain homeostasis? | Organs Tissues Glands Cells |
| What is the internal body temperature of humans? | 98.6F |
| What two ways do humans maintain internal body temperature? | Behaviorally - clothing, sitting in shade, sitting around a fire Physiologically - Shivering, sweating |
| Why do organisms depend upon a constant fluid level to maintain homeostasis? | Because gases, nutrients, ions, hormones and wastes are carried in body fluids |
| How do organisms lose water from their bodies? | sweat and urine |
| Why is losing water bad for the body? | When water is lost, dissolved solutes (typically waste products) become more concentrated and water is less concentrated |
| What structure do single-celled organisms depend upon to maintain homeostasis? | cell membrane |
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carp115
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