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Quarter 3-Biology
Ch. 11, 13,14,15,16
| question | answer |
|---|---|
| offspring form parents with different traits | hybrid |
| offsprings of parents with identical traits | true or pure bred |
| section of DNA that determines traits | gene |
| different forms of a gene, F or f | allele |
| principle that states some alleles are dominant others recessive | Principle of Dominance |
| alleles will separate during ... | meiosis |
| cell division producing gametes | meiosis |
| change in DNA | mutation |
| physical characteristics like eye color or presence of fur | phenotype |
| A pea plant that is homozygous recessive for Short is crossed with a heterzygous plant for Tall, the dominant trait. What % of offspring will be short? | Tt x tt + Tt, Tt, tt, tt, =50% short |
| How many chromosomes are in each gamete? | 23 |
| How many chromosomes in every diploid human cell? | 46 |
| sex chromosomes for female | XX |
| sex chromosomes for male | XY |
| total number of autosomes for humans | 44, 22 pairs |
| Sex-linked disorders are usually on the ____ chromosome | X |
| If a son is colorblind, will he pass it off to his son? explain | no, he will pass off his Y choromosome to his son and the defective allele is on his X chromosome. |
| Disorders like Down Syndorme and Klinfelters are caused by ... | nondisjunction (sticking) of the chromosomes during meiosis |
| A woman who has the allele for hemophilia (cantt clot blood), but does not have the disease is called a .. | carrier |
| How many sets of chromsomes are found in egg cells | 1N also known as haploid |
| Two sets of chromosomes is also called | 2N , diploid |
| Strawberries are octoploid, meaning.... | 8N, 8 sets of chromosomes |
| New genetics combinations are caused by three things... | 1. random sex/fertilization 2. crossing over 3. independant assortment |
| process during meiosis where alleles trade genetic information | crossing over |
| union of egg and sperm to produce zygote | fertilization |
| a gamete has ____ allele for each gene, a fertiziled egg has ___ sets. | one, two |
| Lethal alleles, like that for furless bunnies are carried by | heterozygous individuals |
| Mendel tested seed shape RR and seed color YY to determine if they are passed of together or seperately...he found | Alleles seperate and segregate independanly |
| a protein that is able to cut DNA at a specific site | restriction enzyme |
| all the genes in a population | gene pool |
| the genetic make up, like FF or Bb | genotype |
| List things that can be created using Genetic Engineering | drought resistance crops, clones of prized animals, human insulin and growth hormones from bacteria, protein production in sheeps milk, pigs that glow via gene transforamtion much more. |
| explain how bacteria can produce human insulin | restriction enzyme cuts human DNA and bacteria, gene is inserted into plasmid DNA via sticky ends, bacteria cell divides, insulin produced by bacteria. |
| Four evidences for evolution | embryology, fossils, geographic distribution, and homologous body structures |
| whale fin bones and cat limbs are similar, called | homologous body structures |
| the skeleton of all hominids are similar, including human, gorillas, chimpanzees and orangatans. these is due to | a common ancestor |
| The allele frequencies of a population of mutant dark mice will increase if... | this allele makes them better fit for their environment. |
| evolution | change over time |
| natural selection says | individuals best suited to their environment will survie and reproduce. |
| Mice deveope a mutation making them darker. The darker mice are now better suited for their nocturnal environment, blend in better and have more sucess hunting. This is an example of | natural selection or survival of the fittest |
| any charcteristic that ihcreases an organism chance of survival like needlles on a cactus or long necks for giraffes | adaptations |
| Genetic drift is a change in allele frequences not due to natural selection but to _________ __________ | random chance |
| A fierce forest fire kills 90 % of the squirrels in the forest. The 10 % survived because of | random chance, luck! |
| Fittness in an organism is meausred by two things.. | surviving and reproducing |
| 20 Canaries birds hitch a ride a Carnival Boat cruise from Spain to Hawaii. 500 years later the Hawaiian canary looks different than their ancestors in Spain. This is called | Founders Effect |
| In genetic drift, the allele frequencies will change due to | random chance. |
| If a small group of pecanaries (wild pigs) survive a forest fire, the new gene pool looks different that the original gene pool. This is | Bottle Neck Effect |
| Natural selection only acts upon the _____________. | phenotype |
| When birds eat white or black moths in England, do they do so because of the phenotype or the genotype?Explain | phenotype, because they see the color "white" againt the dark backgroud. |
| Frogs that mate at different seasons will not mate with other members. This can cause speciation called | reproductive isolation |
| speciation | formation of a new species |
| armadillos that live on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon will become two different species due to | geographic isolation |
| After the Mass extinction of the dinosurs 65 million years ago, this allowed a mammals to flourish and increase. This is called | adaptive radiation |
| Penguins are aquatic birds that have similar body features to dolphins , which are aquatic mammals. This is called | convergent evolution |
| macroevolution | major (huge) evolutionary changes that occur over a long period of time. |
| Color Blindness is a sex linked trait. If a male is color blind, what is his genotype? | XcY |
Created by:
alegonzalez
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