Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Head Injury
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the different type of injuries? | scalp lacerations, skull fractures, minor head trauma and major head trauma |
| Why are scalp lacerations of concern? | The scalp is very vascular and a lot of bleeding can occur and can also become infected |
| What are the different types of skull fractures? | linear/depressed, simple, comminunted, complex, open or closed |
| What complications can arise from a skull fracture? | hematoma, intracranial infection and meningeal and brain tissue damage |
| What does an open skull fracture entail? | Requires an ID, and possible dural closure if CFS is leaking |
| What are the clinical manifestations of a skull fracture? | facial paralysis, Battle's sign, periorbital eccymosis (raccoon eyes), conjugated deviation of the gaze, rhinorrhea, ottorrhea (+ CFS gives dura tear), +VE for glucose |
| What is Battle's sign? | mastoid eccymosis (bruising behind the ear) |
| What is a minor diffuse injury and what are the S/S? | concussion, decreased LOC, retrograde amnesia, and HA |
| How long does post-concussion syndrome last? | 2 weeks to 2 months |
| What are the S/S of post-concussion syndrome? | persistent HA, lethargy, sometimes dizziness, personality and behavioral changes, short attention span and short term memory loss |
| What is another name for a major head trauma? | Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) |
| Which types are TBIs? | contusions and lacerations |
| What is coup and contre-coup? | coup is the blow at the direct impact on the skull and contre-coup is secondary area of damage on the opposite side (against the blow) |
| What is a contusion? | a mass movement of the brain inside the skull |
| What are the effects of a contusion? | minimal bleeding around the site, focal changes, decreased LOC and seizures |
| What are the S/S of a laceration? | hemorrhage, hematoma, seizures, cerebral edema |
| What are S/S of an intracranial hemorrhage? | unconsciousnesses, hemiplegia on contralateral side, dilated pupil on ipsilateral side |
| Where does a epidural hematoma occur? | between dura and inner surface of the skull |
| Where does subdural hematoma occur? | between the dura matter and the arachnoid layer |
| Where does an intercerbral hematoma occur? | within the parenchyma |
| How can you tell the difference between a arterial and venous epidural hematoma, what is the main difference? | arterial=rapid onset of S/S, venous=slower onset |
| What S/S is specific to an arterial epidural? | brief lucid interval |
| What is a subdural hematoma? | Injury to the brain substance and parenchymal vessels, usually a vein |
| What are the different types of subdural hematomas? | acute=within 48 hours, subacute=within 2-14 days, chronic= over weeks or months |
| What are the S/S of an acute subdural? | decreased LOC, HA, ipsilateral pupil dilates and fixed |
| What are the S/S of a subacute subdural hematoma? | failure to regain consciousness |
| What are the S/S of a chronic subdural? | memory loss, somnolence, confusion, lethargy |
| Where do intracranial hematomas usually occur? | frontal and temporal lobes |
| What are usually the causes of intracranial hematomas? | HTN, aneurysms |
| What are the collaborative management goals? | management of IICP, treat cerebral edema and a timely diagnosis |
| What are the priorities of nursing management? | maintain patent airway, 02, asses neuro checks, reduce anxiety, GCS |
| What do the GCS indicate? | Score of 13-15= mild, 9-12=moderate, 3-8=severe |
| What to do for loss of corneal reflex? | lubercating eye drops, tapped shut, apply cold/warm compress to periorbital area for eccymosiss and edema, apply eye patch to reduce diplopia |
| What effect does hyerthermia have in regards to brain injuries? | it increases metabolism and increases cerebral vasodilation and ICP |
| How to asses and manage rhinorrhea and ottorrhea | HOB may be raised to reduce CSF pressure Place a loose collection pad under the nose or over the ear Do not sneeze or blow the nose No nasotracheal suctioning or NG tubes |
| What precautions should head injury patients be on? | seizure, skin if immobile, also bladder and bowl function management |
| What is euvolemia? | The maintenance of proper amount of blood in body |
Created by:
brebre273
Popular Nursing sets