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chapter 41
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| materials by cells that cannot be synthesized | essential nutrients |
| animals can synthesize about 50% of the 20 amino acids necessary to make proteins animal products are complete while plants are incomplete | essential amino acids |
| animals can synthesize most but still need many unsaturated ones | essential fatty acids |
| organic molecules required in vary small amounts | vitamins |
| tend to function as coenzymes | water soluble vitamins |
| Examples: vitamin A (visual pigment) Vitamin K (Blood Clotting) Vitamin D ( Bone Formation) | Fat Soluble vitamins |
| inorganic nutrients that are required in small amounts | essential minerals |
| how food is acquired/ act of eating | feeding/ingestion |
| Ex: Humpback whale | Suspension feeders |
| Ex: Caterpillars | Substrate Feeders |
| Ex: Mosquito | Fluid feeders |
| Ex: Rock Python | Bulk Feeders |
| process that break down food into absorable nutrients | digestion |
| chewing breaks down food into smaller pieces for increased surface area | Mechanical |
| enzymees catalyze reactions that break bonds of larger molecules | enzymatic hydrolysis |
| uptake of smaller molecules into distributions systems and ultimately to cells | absorption |
| removing undigested material from digestive system | elimination |
| Hydrolysis of large molecules within food vacuoles | Intracellular digestion |
| hydrolysis occurs in compartments outside of animals bodies | Extracellular digestion |
| digestive tubing extending between two openings (mouth and anus) also called alimentary canal | Complete digestive tract |
| through system with specialized compartments for sequential digestion and absorption | Muscular Flow |
| tear and rip food | incisors and canines |
| smash food | premolars and molars |
| what is done by saliva | chemical digestion |
| releases saliva containing amylase and mucin | salivary gland |
| enzyme that hydrolyzes starch | amylase |
| glycoprotein that protects mouth from abrasion | mucin |
| ball of food that is formed from chewing | bolus |
| muscles, expendable sac located in upper abdomen | Stomach |
| stores ingested food, mechanical and chemical digestion, controls passage of food | functions of the stomach |
| contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin reduces the pH | gastric juice |
| this releases chyme into small intestine | pyloric sphincter |
| narrow muscular tube that is fed by stomach includes the duodenum | Small intestines |
| complete chemical digestion, absorb smaller molecules, and increase surface area for maximum absorption | functions of the small intestine |
| bicarbonate to buffer acid | pancreas |
| bile stored in gallbladder, breaks down fats and lipids | liver |
| folds and projections in the small intestines | villi |
| smaller projections of membrane in small intestines | micro-villi |
| "end of the line" | Large intestines |
| contains the colon, rectum and cecum | Large Intestines |
| recovers water, contains E. Coli, and feces becomes more solid | functions of the colon |
| end of the Large intestines, feces is removed | function/job of the rectum |
| aids in breakdown of plant material | cecum |
| have sharp incisors and canines | carnivores |
| broad flat grinding teeth | herbivores |
| generalized teeth | omnivore |
Created by:
olardas0416
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