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Bio Chapter 40
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| sheets of cells that covers surface, also barrier against mechanical injury or fluid loss, AVASCULAR | Epithelial Tissue |
| Specialized for secretion Ex: Kidney, tubules, and glands | Cubodial epithelial |
| Large amount of cytoplasm for absorption ex: Intestines | Simple Columnar epithelial |
| Rapid cell division- abrasive Locations: Esophagus and skin | Simple Squamous epithelial |
| sheet of proteins secreted by epithelial tissue; binds epithelial to underlying collective tissue | Basement membrane |
| Mostly extracellular matrix of proteins with few cell | Connective Tissue |
| Produces a protein called collagen | Fibroblasts |
| Defense cells to fight infections includes cartilage bone and blood | Macrophages |
| cushions, insulates, rigid support, nutrient distribution, defense/immune, and storage/fat | Functions of the Macrophages |
| Nearly responsible for all types of body movement | Muscle tissue |
| Attached to bone- voluntary | Skeletal muscle |
| Heart- involuntary | Cardiac muscle |
| Moves different from skeletal mainly on GI tract | Smooth muscle |
| Cells contain to two proteins which enable cells to contract..usually attached to bones by tendons | Actin and Myosin |
| composed of neurons and support cells specialized to initiate and conduct electrical signals as a means of rapid communication between body parts Amitotic | Nervous tissue |
| brain, spinal cord, and nerves made of what? | Neurons |
| carry out major functions of the vertebrates and most invertebrates. | organ systems |
| internal cells are surrounded by....that connect all cells to respiratory, digestive, excretory and circulatory systems | interstitial fluid |
| maintenance of a relatively constant interval environment even when external environment changes | Homeostasis |
| monitors environment and sends info to integrating center | Receptor |
| determines set point and analyses input and determines appropriate response | integrating center |
| mechanism to provide response | effector |
| variable changes in a direction opposite to initial change | negative feedback |
| uses control mechanisms to regulate an internal variable preventing changes that might result from external changes | Regulator |
| allows internal condition to vary with external changes | conformer |
| gains heat mostly from the external environment dependent on external conditions ex: fish, reptiles, amphibians | Exothermic |
| warmed by heat generated from metabolic processes independent of external conditions : Birds and Mammals | Endothermic |
| process by which animals maintain an internal temperature within a tolerable range | thermoregulation |
| flow of heat between two objects in direct contact Higher "T" to lower "T" | Conduction |
| Transfer by air or water movement over the surface Ex: Wind | Convection |
| Electromagnetic radiation Ex: Sun | Radiation |
| poorly insulated depends on behaviors to regulate body temp | Exotherms |
| well insulated utilizes internal heat generated by metabolic process may use behavior uses fat, feathers, fur to insulate maintains a more constant body temp | Endotherms |
| amount of energy allocated to each of the demands | energy budget |
| energy used per unit of time measured as oxygen consumption chemical energy from food used to make ATP energy used for MAINTENANCE, GROWTH, STORAGE, AND REPRODUCTION | Metabolism |
| varies at a constant rate with body mass across the animal function of bioenergetics and may limit an animal's behavior, growth and reproduction. | Metabolism |
| have a higher mass and a specific metabolic rate than larger... | smaller endotherms |
| physiological state where activity is low and metabolism decreases saving energy while avoiding dangerous conditions | Torpor |
| primary eats autotrophs | herbivores |
| primary eats heterotrophs | carnivores |
| regularly consume animals as well as plant and algal matter | omnivores |
| provides continuous supply of metabolites for growth and energy for cellular functions | food |
| chemical reaction by which cells acquire and utilize energy | metabolism |
| includes glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation major pathways that power "cellular work" via ATP production | Aerobic metabolism |
Created by:
olardas0416
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