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Chapter 6 -Muscles
Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contractility | The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force. |
| Excitability | The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimilus. |
| Extensibility | The ability to be strected. |
| Elasticity | The ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. |
| Epimysium | A connective tissue sheath upon the skeletal. |
| Fascia | Connective tissue located outside the epimysium. |
| Muscle Fasciculi | Composed of numerous visible bundles. |
| Perimysium | Loose connective tissue. |
| Fibers | The fasciculi are composed single muscle cells. |
| Myofibrils | A threadlike structure tha extends from one end of the fiber to the other. |
| Four major functional Characteristics | contractility, excitability, extensibility, and elasticity. |
| Myofibers consist of 2 major kinds of protein fibers | actin myofilaments and myosin myofilaments |
| Actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments; resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together. |
| Myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments; resemble bundles of minute golf clubs |
| Sarcomeres | Actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units |
| Sacomere | is the basic structural and functional unity of the muscle |
| Resting membrane potential | charge difference across the membrane |
| Action potential | brief reversal back of the charge |
| Motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| Neuromusclular junction | branch that connects to the muscle near the center of the cells |
| Synapse | neuromusclular junction |
| Motor Unit | single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it inntervates |
| Presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
| Synaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| Postsynaptic terminal | muscle fibers |
| Each presynaptic terminal contains | synaptic vesicles |
| neurotansmitter | acetylcholine |
| Muscle twitch | a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes that action potential in one or more muscle fibers. |
| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches this level | threshold |
| tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate |
| Isometric | equal distance; the length of muscle does not change |
| Isontonic | equal tension; the amount of tenison is constant during contraction |
| Fast-twitch fibers | contract and fatigue quickly |
| Slow-twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| Orgin | head of muscle |
| Insertion | undergoing the greatest movement |
| Belly | between the orgin and the insertion |
| How are muscles named? | location, size, orientation of fibers, shape, origin, insertion,and function |
| Synergists | work together to accomplish specific movements |
| Antagonists | muscles that work againist one another |
| Sternocleidomastoid | moving neck |
| Frontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| Orbicularis Oculi | closes the eyelid |
| Orbicularis Oris | puckers the lips |
| Buccinator | flattens the checks |
| zygomatious | smiling :) |
| Levator labii superioris | sneering |
| Depressor anguli oris | frowning :( |
| mastication | chewing |
| extrinsic tongue muscle | moves tongue |
| Intrinsic tongue muscle | changes shape |
| Erector spinae | muscles on each side of the back; responible for keeping straight and body erect |
| External intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| Internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
| Diaphragm | quiet breathing |
| Trapezius | rotates scapula |
| Serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| Pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| Latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm |
| Deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle |
| Triceps brachii | extends forearm |
| Biceps brachii | flexes the forearm |
| Brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| Flextor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| Flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| Extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| Flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| Extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
| Glueteus maximus | buttocks |
| Gluteus medius | hip muscle |
| Quadriceps femoris | extends leg; thigh muscle |
| Satorius | flexes thigh |
| Hamstring | posterior thigh muscle; flexes the leg and extends the thigh |
| Gastrocenmius and soleus | form the calf muscle |
| Calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) | flexes the foot and toes |
Created by:
samanthav0721
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