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Stack #12459

Dipstick PadWhat Does it Detect?LimitationsWhat is the reagent ?
Blood Free hemoglobin and myoglobin False neg can occur with high levels of ascorbic acid; false positives may occur due to high bacterialcount- bacterial peroxidase activity Hgb acts like peroxidase to catayze the oxidation of cumene hydroperoxide
pH [H+] Runover from protein pad may falsely lower result methyl red and bromthymol blue
Nitrites Gram neg bacteria Does not detect all bacteria; urine must remain in bladder long enough to convert nitrate to nitrite; bacteria may have converted nitrite to nitrogen giving false neg result p-arsanilic acid reacts with nitrite to form diazonium compound which combines with color indicator to form a purple color
WBC Granulocytes Large amts of ascorbic acid, high urine albumin, drugs: cephalexin, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin interfere with color leukocyte esterase catalyzes the conversion of indoxyl carboxylic acid ester to indoxyl which reacts with diazonium salt =purple color
Ketones Diacetic acid Highly colored urine may give false positive; also urine with large amts of levodopa metabolites sodium nitroprusside reacts with diacetic acid to form maroon color
Protein pH change due to presence of protein (albumin) False pos: highly buffered alkaline urine; neg strip does not rule out presence of other proteins pH indicator is tetrabromphenol blue
Glucose Glucose Other sugars cannot be detected glucose oxidase catalizes reaction of glucose and O2 to form gluconic acid and H2O2. H2O2 and KI combine, catalized by peroxidase to form brown color
Specific Gravity ionic concentration Lrg amts of glucose or urea will lower result; mod amts of protein will elevate result pretreated polyelectrolytes that contain acid groups. The more ions in the urine, the more acid groups are dissociated and the more H+, thus causing the pH to change and thus causing the color indicator (bromothymol blue}to change
Bilirubin bilirubin False neg: large amount of ascorbic acid, increased nitrites, bilirubin oxidized to biliverdin; false pos: color of urine bilirubin and diazonium salt result in tannish-purple color
Urobilinogen urobilinogen urine color may give false pos or atypical color reactions p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde reacts with urobininogen to oridyce a color change
Created by: azaml98
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