Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BI 314 Chapter 6
Key Terms from Essential Cell Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA repair | Collective term for the enzymatic processes that correct deleterious changes affecting the continuit or sequence of a DNA molecule |
| DNA replication | The process by which a copy of a DNA molecule is made |
| Homologous recombination | Genetic exchange between a pair of identical or very similar DNA sequences, typically located on a pair of homologous chromosomes. A similar process is used to repair double-strand breaks in DNA |
| Lagging strand | One of the two newly made strands of DNA found at a replication fork. The lagging strand is made in discontinuous lengths that are later joined covalently |
| Leading strand | One of the two newly made strands of DNA found at a replication fork. The leading strand is made by continuous synthesis in the 5’-to-3’ direction |
| Mobile genetic element | Short segment of DNA that can move, sometimes through an RNA intermediate, from one location in a genome to another. They are an important source of genetic variation in most genomes |
| Mutation | A randomly produced, heritable change In the nucleotide sequence of a chromosome |
| Nonhomologous end-joining | Mechanism for repairing double-strand breaks in DNA in which the two broken ends are brought together and rejoined without requiring sequence homology |
| Okazaki fragment | Short length of DNA produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication. Adjacent fragments are rapidly joined together by DNA ligase to form a continuous DNA strand |
| Proofreading | The process by which DNA polymerase corrects its own errors as it moves along DNA |
| Replication fork | Y-shaped region of a replicating DNA molecule at which the two daughter strands are formed and separate |
| Replication origin | Site on a chromosome at which DNA replication begins |
| Retrotransposon | Type of mobile genetic element that moves by being first transcribed into an RNA copy that is reconverted to DNA by reverse transcriptase and inserted elsewhere in the chromosomes |
| Retrovirus | RNA-containing virus that replicates in a cell; first makes a double-stranded DNA intermediate which is inserted into the cell’s chromosome. It is transcribed to produce new viral genomes and mRNAs that encode viral proteins |
| Reverse transcriptase | Enzyme that makes a double-stranded DNA copy from a single-stranded RNA template molecule. Present in retroviruses and as part of the transposition machinery of retrotransposons |
| RNA (ribonucleic acid) | A (usually) single-stranded polynucleotide in the form of a chain of covalently linked ribonucleotide subunits. It is synthesized when an RA polymerase copies the nucleotide sequence of DNA. RNA serves a variety of functions in cells. |
| Telomerase | Enzyme that elongates telomeres, the repetitive nucleotide sequences found at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes |
| Template | A molecular structure that serves as a pattern for the production of other molecules. Thus, a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA can act as a template to direct the synthesis of a new strand of complementary DNA |
| Transposon | General name for short segments of DNA that can move from one location to another in the genome. Also known as mobile genetic element (“jumping genes”) |
| Virus | Particle consisting of nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) enclosed in a protein coat and capable of replicating within a host cell and spreading from cell to cell. Often the cause of disease. |
Created by:
knye
Popular Biology sets