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Microbiology 20
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| herpes viruses have...and are... | ds-dna...enveloped |
| herpes viruses establish...which means that the virus causes the...and then.. | latency in cells...primary disease...becomes latent |
| latency means that the visue...so the virus is... | hides itself somewhere in our cells...there for life |
| under certain circumstances, the latent virus will...and in some patients this causes.. | come out and cause disease..recurrent infections |
| herpes simplex type I (hsv I) causes | oral gingivostomatitis, eczema herpeticum, herpes gladitorium, herpes whitlow, encephalitis and herpes keratitis |
| oral gingivostomatitis is also known as | herpes labialis or cold sores |
| incubation time for oral gingivostomatitis is | 2-12 days |
| duration of oral gingi is..and it caues.. | 10-14 days..very painful sores w/ fever and sore throat |
| eczema herptecium happens in | burn patients |
| herpes gladitorium happens with | wrestlers |
| herpes whitlow happens to...such as when... | medical personelle...they have a break in the skin on the fingers |
| encephalitis happens to the...and occasionally... | nerves...goes up to the brain |
| encephalitis is...without... | 80% fatal...treatment |
| herpes keratitis causes..and lasts... | ulcers in the eye..2/3 weeks |
| herpes keratitis can lead to | blindness especially during recurrence |
| diseases caused by herpes simplex II include | genital herpes, disseminated disease of newborn and disseminated disease of immunocompromised patients |
| genital herpes happens to | sexually active adults |
| genital herpes causes what symptoms | blister-like sores on genital organs |
| disseminated disease of the newborn happens to..during.. | babies..birth |
| ...get disseminated disease involving... | 85% of babies...liver, spleen, cns and causes permanent sequelae |
| disseminated disease of immunocompromised may lead to... | encephalitis in aids, cancer and transplant patients |
| hsv stays....where the... | dormant in the nerve cells...immune system is unable to attack |
| hsv can be...by.. | reactivated..stress, uv light, cold, fever, hormonal fluctuations, certain foods, etc |
| for hsv, once...then... | latency is established...recurrence is possible |
| hsv can reoccur with both | types I and II |
| the first infection with hsv will cause...from... | seroconversion..seronegative to seropositive |
| seroconversion means you are | carrying antibodies |
| hsv I: ...% of cases are...and happens through... | 90...above the waist...contact w/ oral secretions |
| hsv II: ...% of cases are...and happens through... | 90%...below the waist...direct sexual contact STD |
| ...% of humans have...by age..and..will have... | 80%...antibodies to hsv I...5...25%..reoccurence |
| in the us, there are ..new cases of HSV II every year | 600,000 |
| recent studies show that...americans...are infected by hsv II | 1 in four ...12 and older... |
| the best treatment for hsv infections is with...or... | acyclovir...famcyclovir |
| keratitis is treated with | lododeoxyuridine (topical) |
| encephalitis is treated with | acyclovir |
| disseminated disease is treated with | acyclovir |
| for treatment of recurrent disease with herpes you use...and works if... | acyclovir (oral or topical)...given early |
| acyclovir can also be given to | prevent recurrence of genital herpes |
| all treatments for herpes inhibit | viral dna replication |
| condoms can reduce spread of hsv infections up to | 80 or 90% |
| there is currently | no vaccine for hsv infections |
| varicella zoster virus primary disease is | chickenpox |
| vzv recurrence disease is | shingles |
| chicken pox is one of the most | highly contagious disease known |
| ...% of exposed individuals contract chicken pox, mostly... | 96..as young children |
| route of chicken pox | vzv > urt > lymph > blood >internal organs and skin |
| incubation period for chicken pox is about..and it lasts for... | 15-18 days..2-3 weeks |
| symptoms of vzv chickenpox inlcude | rash, raised vesicles that are soft and watery |
| there can be anywhere from | a few to 1000s of rash lesions w/ chickenpox |
| the raised vesicles that are soft and watery (chicken pox) are mostly on the...but can be in the... | skin..mouth and internal organs also (intense itching) |
| chickepox is...via.. | highly contagious 1-2 days before rash and 6 days after it disappears..air or pox fluid |
| chicken pox is usually a very..although occasionally it mayu lead to... | mild disease...pneumonia and encephalitis in the young |
| in older individuals, chickenpox is...and up to... | more serious...20% fatal |
| pregnant mothers can...where it can cause.. | pass the vzv to the fetus transplacentally...a serious progressive disease especially in the first trimester |
| chicken pox is a common cause of.. | hearing loss in infant |
| shingles virus remains...and following activation, it causes... | latent in cranial nerve cells...lesions at nerve endings usually in the skin |
| shingles virus (vzv) is activated by either | fatigue or sunburn |
| shingles causes...usually appearing on.. | very painful rash...one side of the face or body |
| shingles rash lasts from...and a... | 3-5 weeks...fever may or may not be present |
| shingles is usally in | older people |
| with the first infection w/ chickenpox there are no...and it causes a... | no antibodies...generalized infection |
| first infection w/ chickenpox spreads via...and the contagion is... | blood..high |
| the first infection w/ chickenpox usually occurs by age...and it causes a... | 10...mild disease w/ no scarring |
| reccurent disease (shingles) has...and the infection is... | high antibody titer...localized |
| shingles spreads via the...and the contagion is... | nerves..light |
| ...% of people get shingles by age... | 40...80 |
| treatment for both chicken pox and shingles is...and you never use.. | supportive..aspirin for kids |
| aspirin in kids causes...so you use..to... | reyes syndrome...acetominophen (tylenol)...keep the fever down |
| another way to help w/ vzv infections is to | trim fingernails and shower often |
| a new drug...is recommended as an..for vzv infection | vidarabine...antiviral agent |
| newborns and immunodeficient patients can be given..from...to give them... | zoster immunne globulin (zig)...recurrent patients...passive immunity for vzv infections |
| chicken pox vaccine is a....called... | live attenuated vaccine..varivax |
| varivax is..effected for chicken pox | 85% |
| shingles vaccine is called..and is recommended for people... | zostavax...60 years or older |
| zostavax is..effective | 50% |
| zostavax can be given to persons who have | already had an episode of shingels |
| epstein barr virus (EBV) causes..of.. | 90%...infectious mono |
| ebv is typically seen in | 15-29 year olds |
| ebv is also called the...or.. | college disease..kissing disease |
| ebv is transmitted by..and...are required | saliva..large quantities |
| route of ebv | oropharynx...lymph..blood...latent in b lymphocytes (1, 2) |
| infectious mono is a very....but adults feel... | mild disease in the young...very tired |
| more sever cases of infectious mono from ebv may require | bed rest for weeks to months |
| ebv infectious mono is not a very...and only... | contagious disease...10% risk of catching from a family member |
| infectious mono has a | long incubation period |
| treatment of infectious mono involves giving...or a new drug known as... | gamma globulin...ampligen |
| ampligen activates | inferferon release |
| cytomegalo virus causes the other | 10% of infectious mono |
| cmv mono is a relatively...and essentially... | mild disease...all of us have antibodies to cmv |
| cmv mono is a major problem in...bec the virus gets... | renal transplant patients...reactivated if the donor kidney was infected |
| in renal transplants you give | cyclosporins |
| cmv is transmitted...in... | transplacentally...first time infected mother |
| cmv is the leading cause of...with an incidence of... | congenital viral infection... .5%-3% of live births worlwide |
| cmv may caus..and sometimes... | hearing and vision loss, mental retardation...death in affected newborns |
| primary maternal cmv infection, during...poses a...of... | gestation..40% risk...intrauterine transmission in contrast to recurrent infection |
| treatment of cmv infections is with...and it is chemically similar to.. | gancyclovir...acyclovir (inhibits viral dna rep) |
| other important herpes viruses include | human herpes virus 6, hhv7, hhv 8 |
| hhv6 infects...and causes... | t cells..roseola in infants |
| hhv7 causes | lymphocytic leukemia |
| hhv8 causes...and results in.. | kapsi's sarcoma in aids patients...purple skin blotches |
| adenoviruses contain...and are... | ds dna...naked viruses (hardier) |
| there are...of adenoviruses, but they are very.... | 70 different serotypes...similar and cause very similar diseases |
| ...of all respiratory infections are caused by... | 10-15%...adenoviruses |
| adenovirus was originally isolated from...and the virus remains... | adenoid tissue...latent in adenoid tissues for life |
| there is no apparent...with adenovirus though | recurrent disease |
| adenoviruses are transmitted by | respiratory droplets and fecal orally |
| incubation time of adenoviruses is | 5-10 days |
| route for adenoviruses | virus....urt...gi tract...shed in feces (latency in adenoids) |
| adenovirus disease include | pharyngitis, kerato-conjunctivitis, acute respiratory disease, pneumonia |
| pharyngitis is an infection of the...and is... | throat (sore throat)...self limiting |
| usually people will...from pharyngitis | recover without treatment |
| kerato-conjunctivitis is infection of the...and is also called the... | eye...swimming pool conjunctivitis |
| kerato conjunctivitis is sometimes also called the...and many people get infected by... | shipyar disease...blowing dust in the eye |
| kerato conjunctivitis is very..and can lead to.. | painful...blindness although abrasion of eye is needed to establish the infection |
| actue respiratory disease (ard) is happening in almost all...and happens in... | new army recruits...crowded boot camps and high stress level |
| what percent of ard's must be hospitalized..and what percent feel sick, but not... | 50%...25%...bed ridden |
| what percent of ards' are asymptomatic | 25% |
| ard causes | sore throat, fever and sometimes cervical lymphadenopathy |
| pneumonia has the highest...and occurs primarily in.. | mortality..infans |
| adenoviruses are transmitted by | respiratory droplets and fecal orally |
| adenoviruses can also be transmitted by | direct contact w/ secretions |
| kerato conjunctivitis outbreaks occur...in the offices of.. | frequently...eye doctors bec of contaminated equipment or solutions |
| prevention of adenoviruses is by avoided | direct contact w/ secretions and sterilizing med/dental equip |
| treatment for adenoviruses is...but no.. | supportive..drug has proven effective in curing adenovirus infections |
| parvoviruses are | ss dna naked viruses |
| parvoviruses are the.. | smallest known dna containing viruses |
| parvoviruses cause very...and..of humans get infected by the time they are... | common infection...80-90%...5 or 6 years old |
| two parvoviruses of human origin include | adeno-associated virus (AAV) and parvovirus b18 (arbitrary name) |
| aav so far does not..but... | cause disease..half of us carry it |
| carries of aav actually have | reduced frequency of certain cancers |
| parvovirus b19 is very..and infects only... | pathogenic..human bone marrow cells |
| b19 destroys the | rbc precursors |
| diseases of parvovirus b19 include | erythemia infectiousum, transient aplastic crisis, polyarthralgia, non-immune hyrops fetalis, chronic bone marrow failure and thromobyctopenia |
| erythema infectiousum is also called...and is the... | fifth disease..fifth most common disease in children, especially in day cares |
| fifth disease causes...and is... | rash (slapped cheek syndrome)...self limiting |
| incubation period for fifth disease is | 2-5 days |
| transient aplastic crisis is a...in people with... | serious problem...rbc defect (sickle cell anemia) |
| transient aplastic crisis is often..unless... | fatal...immediate blood transfusion is given |
| polyarthralgia causes | joint pain in adults |
| non immune hydrops fetalis: ..of cases are caused by.. | 18%...parvovirus |
| non immune hydrops fetalis is caused by the presence of....in...without any... | presence of excess extracellular fluid..two or more sites in developing fetus..identifiable circulating antibody to rbc antigens |
| non immune hydrops fetalis causes...and pregnant mothers pass on the virus... | 10% cases of spontaneous abortion....transplacentally to the fetus |
| chronic bone marrow failure is especially in some | patients w/ aids |
| thrombocytopenia is...and happens w/... | low platelet counts...bleeding disorders |
| parvovirus b19 is transmitted most likely through the | upper resp tract (erythema infectiousum - fifth disease) |
| b19 is also transmitted... | transplacentally (non immune hydrops fetalis) and blood transfusions (transient aplastic crisis) |
| there is no..except for...for b19 | treatment..rbc transfusion in transient aplastic crisis |
| hpv is ..and... | ds dna...naked capsid virus |
| there are more than...of hpv | 100 strains |
| hpv causes...which include... | three types of warts...common warts, plantar warts and venereal warts |
| plantar warts happen on the | soles and palms |
| venereal warts cause...and are also called... | genital warts...condyloma acuminata |
| venereal warts are the most | prevalent viral sexually transmitted disease |
| venereal warts are more common than | genital herpes |
| while most warts are...patients w/ certain strains of... | benign and usually regress, or can be removed by surgery/freezing...venereal warts are predisposed to cervical or anal cancer |
| there are...for hpv, which include... | two vaccines...gardasil and cevarix |
| hpv vaccines protect against | hpv strains which cause 70% of cervical cancers |
| girls are vaccinated with | four doses at age 11-12 |
| in many areas, it is recommended for boys to | receive hpv vaccines as well |
Created by:
handrzej
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