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Microbial Ecology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Bioremediation | uses organisms to clean up toxic, hazardous, or recalcitrant (stubborn, resistant) compounds by degrading them to harmless compounds. (most known for oil spills) |
| Two Types of Bioremediation | 1. Natural Bioremediation 2. Artificial Bioremediation |
| Natural Bioremediation | - uses microbes that are already there - microbes are encouraged to degrade toxic substances in soil & water - addition of nutrients stimulate microbe growth |
| Artificial Bioremediation | - genetically modified microbes specifically made to degrade certain pollutants |
| Niche Construction | process where microbes alter their own & other selective environment to a point where it changes the selection process acting on present and future generations |
| Perfect Bioremediation example | microbe eates/breaks down toxic substance, gets rid of the toxin, and then the microbe dies due to lack of food (toxic sub) |
| Advantages of Bioremediation | 1. done on site 2. inexpensive 3. minimal site disruption 4. greater public acceptance 5. can be coupled with other practices 6. harness natural processes 7. reduce enviornmental stress |
| Disadvantages of Bioremediation | 1. not effective on all chemicals 2. possible toxic metabolites 3. scientifically intensive procedure 4. site specific conditions 5. takes time, may not completely work |
| Bioremediation Regulations | Bioremediation may involve genetically or naturally occurring organisms which may involve approval from - FDA, Toxic Substances Control Act, Clean Air Act, Solid Waste Disposal Act, Federal Water Pollution Control Act |
| Required Working Conditions for Bioremediation | -requires abiotic conditions : temp, pH, O2 may require aeration, phosphate, ammonium, nitrate, organic nitrogen |
| Dechloromonas aromatica | -anaerobic, unclear pathway - soil containing radioactive labeled benzene was inoculated with D. aromatica and the benzene was oxidized to CO2 - able to biodegrade bezene, chlorate, and other compounds which can lead to health problems |
| Bioremediation examples | Oil Spills Bioreactors - in container to treat liquids/slurries Heavy metals - removal from contaminated soil, groundwater Bioventing - treats contaminated soil by drawing O2 thru soil to promote micro. activity |
| Oil Spill Techniques | 1. Seeding 2. Adding Nitrogenous Fertilizers 3. Aeration |
| Seeding | addition of hydrocarbon degrading microorganism - not effective practice since microbes are already widely distributed |
| Adding Nitrogenous Fertilizers | increase rate of petroleum biodegration by 3-5x |
| Aeration | breaks up very dense thick oil areas to allow greater O2 - microbes will only digest surface of thick oil emulsions |
Created by:
nsquarciafico
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