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15.3
vocab words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| geologic time scale | Earth's history organized into four eras: Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic |
| how do fossils form? | form from remains of organisms buried by sediments, dust, or volcanic ash. The soft body parts usually decay rapidly in these conditions. However, hard parts such as shells, bones, or teeth, are long-lasting and may become preserved as fossils. |
| reletative dating of fossils | The relative ages of fossils reflect the order in which groups of species existed compared to one another. |
| radiometric dating of fossil (and half life) | time it takes for 50 percent of a radioactive isotope sample to decay determination of absolute ages of rocks and fossils through calculations based on a radioactive isotope's fixed rate of decay |
| continental drift (and Pangaea) | motion of continents about Earth's surface on plates of crust floating on the hot mantle |
| fossil | preserved remains or marking left by an organism that lived in the past |
| what is the fossil record? | chronological collection of life's remains in sedimentary rock layers |
| basilosaurus fossils suggest that... | Paleontologists digging in Egypt and Pakistan have identified ancient whales that had hind limb bones. It shows the hind leg bones of Basilosaurus, one of those early whales. |
| geographic distribution | the geographic distribution of organisms serves as a clue to how modern species may have evolved |
| homologous structures | similar structure found in more than one species that share a common ancestor |
| vestigial structures | remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in a species' ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species |
| similarities in development (embryological evidence) | Embryos of closely related organisms often have similar stages in development. |
| DNA sequences and molecular evidence | 2 species have DNA w/ sequences that match closely= inherited from a relatively recent common ancestor. But, the greater the number of differences in DNA and protein sequences between species= less likely they share as close a common ancestry. |
| Georges Buffon Ideas | French naturalist Georges Buffon to suggest that Earth might be much older than a few thousand years. He also observed that specific fossils and certain living animals were similar but not exactly alike. |
| Adaption | inherited characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment |
| Jean Baptiste Lamarck ideas | French naturalist, Jean Baptiste Lamarck, suggested an explanation of Buffon's observations. Lamarck proposed that life evolves, or changes. He recognized that species are not permanent. Lamarck explained evolution as a process of adaptation. |
| Darwin's Observations aboard the HMS Beagle | After he returned he analyzed his collection and became convinced that Earth was ancient and that species can change through time |
| Charles Lyell ideas | Lyell proposed that gradual and observable geologic processes such as erosion could explain the physical features of today's Earth. |
| Thomas Malthus ideas | Malthus contended that much of human suffering, such as disease, famine, and homelessness, was due to the human population's potential to grow |
| Descent with modification | process by which descendants of ancestral organisms spread into various habitats and accumulate adaptations to diverse ways of life |
| Natural Selection | process by which individuals with inherited characteristics well-suited to the environment leave more offspring than do other individuals |
| How can evolution refine existing adaptions? | a complex structure may have evolved from a simpler structure having the same basic function. |
| How was Chitin modified to serve an additional function? | Chemical changes to this material made it even more water-tight as the animals became adapted to living on land. |
| How were flippers of penguins modified for a new function? | Natural selection has remodeled the wings into powerful flippers for swimming. |
| Embryology | study of multicellular organisms as they develop from fertilized eggs to fully formed organisms |
| Evolution | the cumulative changes that occur in a population over time |
| Species | a group of interbreeding or potentially interbreeding populations that is re-productively isolated from other such groups |
| Genes | the portions of an organism's DNA that carry the code responsible for building that organism in a very specific way. |
| Survival of the fittest | a mechanism that drives evolutionary change |
| Population numbers and variation | results in evolution of adaptions |
| artificial selection | selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to produce offspring with desired genetic traits |
| how do pesticides show natural selection | Most survivors of the first pesticide treatments were insects with genes that somehow enabled them to resist the chemical attack |
Created by:
patwoj1
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