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Chapters 14.2 and 15

TermDefinition
15.2 How can evolution refine existing adaptations? The same set of bones can form the fin of a fish, the wing of a bird, the foreleg and hoof of a horse, or the arm and hand of a human, same bones, different sizes.
15.2 How was chitin modified to serve an additional function? chronological collection of life's remains in sedimentary rock layers
15.2 How were flippers of penguins modified for a new function? no longer existing as a living species on Earth
15.2 Embryology similar structure found in more than one species that share a common ancestor
14.2 Fossil remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in a species' ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species
14.2 What is the fossil record? Earth's history organized into four eras: Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic
14.2 Basilosaurus fossils suggest determination of absolute ages of rocks and fossils through calculations based on a radioactive isotope's fixed rate of decay
14.2 Geographic distribution time it takes for 50 percent of a radioactive isotope sample to decay
14.2 Homologous structures motion of continents about Earth's surface on plates of crust floating on the hot mantle
14.2 Vestigial structures episode of great species loss
14.2 Similarities in development He presented ideas about the origins of the earth and other solar bodies, the processes
14.2 DNA sequences and molecular evidence It's a trait with a current functional role in the life history of an organism that is maintained and evolved by means of natural selection
15.3 How do fossils form? Lyell's geological interests ranged from volcanoes and geological dynamics through stratigraphy, paleontology, and glaciology to topics that would now be classified as prehistoric archaeology and paleoanthropology
15.3 Geologic time scale He found plants, birds and reptiles that had developed, but often differed on almost identical islands next door to one another, and whose characteristics he could only explain by a gradual transformation of the various species.x
15.3 Radiometric dating of fossils episode of great species loss.x
15.3 Continental drift He found plants, birds and reptiles that had developed, but often differed on almost identical islands next door to one another, and whose characteristics he could only explain by a gradual transformation of the various species.x
15.3 Relative dating of fossils The doctrine of Malthus, applied with manifold force to the animal and vegetable kingdoms, for in this case there can be no artificial increase of food, and no prudential restraint from marriage.x
14.1 George Buffons ideas He presented ideas about the origins of the earth and other solar bodies, the processes that had direct bearing on the creation of water and life on the earth, and hence also the orderly creation of the kinds of living things.
14.1 Adaptation It's a trait with a current functional role in the life history of an organism that is maintained and evolved by means of natural selection
14.1 Jean Baptiste Lamarck ideas He believed that all life was organized in a vertical chain, with gradation between the lowest forms and the highest forms of life, thus demonstrating a path to progressive developments in nature
14.1 Darwin's Observations aboard the HMS Beagle He found plants, birds and reptiles that had developed, but often differed on almost identical islands next door to one another, and whose characteristics he could only explain by a gradual transformation of the various species.
14.1 Charles Lyell ideas Lyell's geological interests ranged from volcanoes and geological dynamics through stratigraphy, paleontology, and glaciology to topics that would now be classified as prehistoric archaeology and paleoanthropology
14.1 Thomas Malthus ideas The doctrine of Malthus, applied with manifold force to the animal and vegetable kingdoms, for in this case there can be no artificial increase of food, and no prudential restraint from marriage
14.1 Descent with modification Change in the genetic composition of a population during successive generations, as a result of natural selection acting on the genetic variation among individuals, and resulting in the development of new species
14.1 Natural selection is the gradual, non-random process by which biological traits become either more or less common in a population as a function of differential reproduction of their bearers. It is a key mechanism of evolution.
14.3 Population numbers and variation group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area at the same time and difference among members of a species
14.3 Artificial selection selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to produce offspring with desired genetic traits
14.3 How do pesticides show natural selection? Pesticides are poisons used to kill insects that are pests in crops and in homes. Whenever a new type of pesticide is used to control agricultural pests, the story is usually the same.
Created by: Pauseg2
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