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14.2 and 15.3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a fossil | The preserved remains of a dead organism. |
| What is the fossil record? | A chronological collection of life's remains in the rock layers, recorded during the passage of time. |
| Basilosaurus fossils suggest that? | They are the earliest stages of whales and that the whales we know today weren't always in the water. In the past the whales had to evolve due to their environment thus showing evolution. |
| What is geographic distribution? | This idea came to mind to Charles Darwin went on a voyage to look at some animals and suggested all animals today are organisms that evolved from ancestral forms. |
| What are homologous structures? | Similar structures in specific sharing a common ancestor. |
| What are vestigial structures? | Remnants of structures that may have had important functions in an ancestral species, but have no clear function in some of the modern descendants. |
| What are similarities in development (Embryological evidence?) | When embryos of closely related organisms often have similar stages in development. |
| What is DNA sequences and molecular evidence? | DNA sequences are passed from parent to offspring and determine what amino acids our bodies need, and help scientists discover that DNA sequences are a form of evolution. |
| How do fossils form? | Under right conditions, minerals dissolved in ground water seep into the tissues of a dead organism and replace its organic material. Teeth or bones are pressured by chemical changes, while plants as well as animals's become petrified and turn to stone. |
| What is the geological time scale? | Under right conditions, minerals dissolved in ground water seep into the tissues of a dead organism and replace its organic material. Teeth or bones are pressured by chemical changes, while plants as well as animals's become petrified and turn to stone. |
| What are relative dating of fossils? | Usually the ones on the top are younger fossils while the older ones are below it. It won't always tell you age of fossils or what time period. |
| What is radiometric dating of fossils (and half life?) | Based on the measurement of certain radioactive isotopes in objects. |
| What is continental drift and Pangaea? | When a land mass suddenly moves, and Pangaea was when all the Continents were together. |
| Georges Buffon ideas | Suggest that Earth might be much older than a few thousand years |
| Adaptation | Inherited characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment |
| Jean Baptiste Lamarck ideas(and inheritance of acquired characteristics) | Lamarck proposed that life evolves, or changes. here, he observed and collected thousands of specimens of South American plants and animals from diverse environments. |
| Darwin's observations about the HMS Beagle | He studied organisms and their adaptations from places as different as the Brazilian jungle, the grasslands of the pampas. |
| Charles Lyell ideas | Proposed that gradual and observable geologic processes such as erosion could explain the physical features of today's Earth. |
| Thomas Malthus ideas | Contended that much of human suffering, such as disease, famine, and homelessness, was due to the human population's potential to grow |
| Descent with modification | process by which descendants of ancestral organisms spread into various habitats and accumulate adaptations to diverse ways of life |
| Natural Selection | process by which individuals with inherited characteristics well-suited to the environment leave more offspring than do other individuals |
| Population numbers and variation. | The individuals that function best tend to leave the most offspring. When this process repeats over many generations, each new generation has a higher proportion of individuals with the advantageous traits. |
| Artificial selection. | Selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to produce offspring with desired genetic traits. |
| How do pesticides show natural selection? | In each generation, the percentage of pesticide-resistant individuals in the population increased. The population underwent evolutionary change that resulted in adaptation to a change in the chemical environment—the presence of the pesticide. |
| How does natural selection cause the sickle cell allele to stay in some populations? | Individuals with just one copy of the sickle cell allele are resistant to the disease malaria. This resistance is an important advantage in environments where malaria is a major cause of death in infants. |
| How does aHntibiotic resistance evolve in bacteria? | An antibiotic causes selection among the varying bacteria of a population, leaving those individuals that can survive the drug. The resistant bacteria multiply and quickly become the norm in the population rather than the exceptions. |
| Gene Pool | all of the alleles in all the individuals that make up a population |
| What process lead to genetic variation? | You start with an original population and the Bottleneck effect happens then the Genetic variation is stored within |
| Frequency of alleles | how often certain alleles occur in the gene pool. |
| Microevolution | evolution on the smallest scale—a generation-to-generation change in the frequencies of alleles within a population |
| Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium | condition that occurs when the frequency of alleles in a particular gene pool remain constant over |
| Genetic drift | change in the gene pool of a population due to chance |
| Bottleneck drift | When a event happens to a population that decreases the original population to a smaller surviving population |
| Founder effect | founder effect because the change relates to the genetic makeup of the founders of the colony. |
| Gene flow | exchange of genes between populations |
| Mutation | The changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations |
| How does natural selection lead to fitness | contribution that an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation compared to the contributions of other individuals |
| Explain peter and rosemary grants study | Daphne Major is an isolated, uninhabited island about the size of a football stadium. Two species of finch inhabit the island, the medium ground finch and the cactus finch. The island's small size and limited population of finches |
Created by:
jusim1
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