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DNA
study DNA structure, function, replication, and protein synthesis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of ways hereditary information is passed from parents to offspring | genetics |
| functional sections of DNA; make up chromosomes; directs the synthesis of a specific protein | gene |
| fundamental of science that states each gene directs the synthesis of proteins that serve a function in the organism | one gene one polypeptide hypothesis |
| synthesized by gene sequences | proteins |
| complex molecules that store and transmit genetic information; building blocks of DNA and RNA | nucleic acids |
| repeating subunits of a nucleic acid; made of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base | nucleotides |
| part of a nucleotide that can be different; either A, G, T, or C | nitrogenous base |
| holds base pairs together; A to T and G to C | hydrogen bond |
| name of the shape of DNA due to its twisted ladder appearance | double helix |
| scientists that are credited with determining the structure of DNA | Watson and Crick |
| process that occurs during interphase; DNA unwinds and splits; nucleotides in the nucleus are added to the exposed bases to make an exact copy of DNA | replication |
| capable of leaving the nucleus, since it is single-stranded; contains the nucleotide uracil (U) instead of thymine (T) | RNA |
| the production of RNA by using the DNA as a template to copy the genetic code | transcription |
| a pattern | template |
| location of replication and transcription | nucleus |
| location of translation (polypeptide assembly, protein synthesis) | ribosome |
| specific type of RNA that carries the genetic code to the ribosome | mRNA |
| sequence of 3 bases on a mRNA strand that determines the specific amino acid to join the polypeptide | codon |
| specific type of RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosome | tRNA |
| sequence of 3 bases on the loop of a tRNA that must complement the codon of the mRNA to bring an amino acid to the ribosome | anticodon |
| name of the process that uses information encoded in the mRNA strand to assemble a protein | translation |
| genetic makeup found in every cell of every organism; made of two strands of repeating nucleotides; capable of transmitting genetic information and contains the code for producing proteins | DNA |
Created by:
aeckert
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