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9.14 Week 9
Vocab from Schneider Chapter 23
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Trapezoid Body | Located in the ventral hindbrain just caudal to the pons, this body is composed of axons from the ventral cochlear nucleus. Many of them cross the midline and terminate in the contralateral superior olivary nucleus, though a few terminate ipsilaterally. |
| Lateral Lemniscus | A band of myelinated axons of the auditory system located at the brainstem surface that originate in cell groups of the trapezoid body and terminate mainly in the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus and in the inferior colliculus. |
| Brachium of the Inferior Colliculus (BIC) | The “arm” of the inferior colliculus, the brachium of IC contains axons that come from cells of the IC and terminate in the medial geniculate body (nucleus or group of nuclei) of the thalamus. |
| Lateral Tegmental System | Ascending axons of the auditory system that arise in rostral hindbrain reticular formation and/or the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus and terminate in the posterior nuclear group (Po) of the thalamus and in the medial nucleus of the MGB. |
| Medial Geniculate Body (MGB) | Thalamic nucleus of the auditory system. It can be subdivided into several distinct parts (subnuclei). |
| Spherical Bushy Cell | A type of cell in the ventral cochlear nucleus that is characterised by primary-like responses to auditory nerve axons. The auditory nerve axon endings are called endbulbs of Held after their discoverer Hans Held (1893) who studied them in cats. |
| Endbulb of Held (Calyx of Held) | A type of large terminal with multiple synapses created by auditory nerve axons that end on bushy cells in the ventral cochlear nucleus. In birds, these types of terminals are found on cells of the magnocellular nucleus. |
| Medial Superior Olive | A cell group in the ventral-rostral hindbrain that gets input from the ventral cochlear nucleus. The medial superior olive neurons receive bilateral inputs, and are sensitive to the spatial position of the sound source in the horizontal plane. |
| Lateral Superior Olive | A cell group in the ventral-rostral hindbrain that gets input from the ventral cochlear nucleus. The lateral superior olive neurons receive bilateral inputs, and are sensitive to right-left differences in amplitude of a sound reaching the two ears. |
| Inferior Olive | A pre-cerebellar cell group near the ventral surface of the hindbrain caudal to the trapezoid body.It receives diverse inputs, many of them sensory. Its large axons are the climbing fibers of the cerebellar cortex. |
| Azimuthal Positions | Positions around the organism describable as angular deviations from straight ahead. These are positions in the horizontal plane that passes through the head. |
| Nucleus Laminaris | Auditory cell group in the dorsal hindbrain of birds. The neurons are arranged in a line, with dorsal dendrites receiving input from the ipsilateral magnocellular CN and ventral dendrites receiving input from the contralateral magnocellular CN. |
| 1st Transcortical Auditory Pathway | Leads from unimodal association areas just caudal to primary auditory cortex to posterior parietal areas, and thence to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex including the frontal eye fields. the visual system, this deals with object location. |
| 2nd Transcortical Auditory Pathway | Leads from unimodal association areas rostral to primary auditory cortex, and thence to more anterior temporal cortex and to the amygdala, and to ventral prefrontal cortical areas. Like the visual system, this deals with object identification. |
| 3rd Transcortical Auditory Pathway | The third pathway leads to parahippocampal cortical areas, and thence to entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, though these are not often studied. Like the visual system, this deals with allocentric location and directionality. |
| Auditory Pattern Selectivity | Many neurons of auditory cortical areas are selectively responsive to temporal patterns of auditory stimuli. Some areas appear to respond to more complex aspects of auditory patterns like the vocalizations of conspecifics. |
| Posterior Suprasylvian Sulcus | In the cerebral hemisphere of a cat, the suprasylvian sulcus surrounds the auditory regions on three sides. This sulcus forms an inverted U shape, so it can be subdivided into posterior, middle and anterior portions. |
| Frequency Modulation of Sounds | Temporally varying frequencies of tones. Such stimuli are used in the study of the specificity of neuronal firing patterns in the auditory cortex. |
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