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Cell Biology Vocab
Science Cell Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Photosynthesis | The process by which plants and some other organisms capture the energy in sunlight and use it to make food |
| Respiration | The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain |
| Fermentation | The process by which cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen |
| Mitochondria | Rod-shaped cell structures that produce most of the energy needed to carry out the cell's functions |
| Chloroplast | A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food |
| Krebs Cycle | The sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during the process of aerobic respiration |
| Cell | The basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| Cell Membrane | A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell |
| Nucleus | A cell structure that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instructions that direct all the cell's activities |
| Nuclear Membrane | Membrane surrounding the nucleus separating the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways i which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another |
| Cell Wall | A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms |
| Vacuole | A water-filled sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area |
| Nucleolus | Produces Ribosomes |
| Ribosomes | A minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells |
| Golgi Body | A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them of other parts of the cell |
| Lysosome | A small round cell structure that contains chemicals that break down large food particles into small ones |
| Centrioles | Cylindrical structures composed of groupings of microtubes |
| Pigment | A colored chemical compound that absorbs light |
| Stomata | Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move |
| Chlorophyll | A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria |
| Cell theory | A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things |
| Microscope | An instrument that makes small objects look larger |
| Compound Microscope | A light microscope that has more than one lens |
| Magnification | The ability to make things look larger then they are |
| Convex Lens | A curved lens in which the center is thicker than the edges |
| Resolution | The ability to clearly distinguish the individual parts of an object |
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