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basics of evolution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Evolution (the basics of evolution) | The cumulative changes that occur in a population over time. |
| Species (the basics of evolution) | a group of interbreeding or potentially interbreeding populations that is reproductively isolated from the other such groups. |
| Genes (the basics of evolution) | The portions of an organisms DNA that carry the code responsible for building that organisms in a very specific way. |
| Survival of the fittest (the basics of evolution) | a popular term that refers to the process of natural selection, a mechanism that drives evolutionary change. |
| How can evolution refine existing adaptions? (15.2) | It can help us be better adapted to our environment and help us live longer. |
| How was chitin modified to serve an additional function? (15.2) | Exoskeleton of animals. It was revised so animals could resist water loss. |
| How were flippers of penguins modified for a new function? (15.2) | They can now swim, instead of being land animals. |
| Emvryology (15.2) | Study of multicellular organisms as they develop from fertilized eggs to fully formed organisms. |
| Fossils (14.2) | preserved remains or marking left by an organism that lived in the past |
| Fossil record (14.2) | chronological collection of life's remains in sedimentary rock layers |
| Basilosaurus fossils suggest that... (14.2) | These whales, which lived about 40 million years ago, were aquatic animals that no longer used their legs to support their weight. Even larger leg bones are found in fossils of older whale species that may have split their time between living on land and |
| Geographic distribution (14.2) | The differences and similarities between organisms in different parts of the world were some of the first observations that Darwin made on his voyage. |
| Homologous structures (14.2) | similar structure found in more than one species that share a common ancestor. |
| Vestigial structures (14.2) | remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in a species' ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species |
| Similarities in development (embryological evidence) (14.2) | They have pouches on th sides of their neck, four limbs, pattern in the bone development. |
| DNA sequences and molecular evidence (14.2) | extends out to comparing the relationships between species. |
| How do fossils form? (15.3) | minerals dissolved in groundwater seep into the tissues of a dead organism and replace its organic material. The plant or animal remains become petrified—they turn to stone. |
| Geologic time scale (15.3) | Earth's history organized into four eras: Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. |
| Relative dating of fossils (15.3) | reflect the order in which groups of species exist compared to each other. |
| radiometric dating of fossils, and half life. (15.3) | based on measurements of certain radioactive isotopes on the object. Half line number of years it takes 50% of original sample decay |
| Continental drift, and Pangaea (15.3) | plate change positions relative to each other Plate movements all land to one super continental. |
| George Buffon ideas (14.1) | to suggest that Earth might be much older than a few thousand years. He also observed that specific fossils and certain living animals were similar but not exactly alike. |
| Adaptation (14.1) | to be an inherited characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. |
| Lamarck (14.1) | One of the first scientists to propose that species change over time. |
| Darwin observations aboard the beagle (14.1) | he observed and collected thousands of specimens of South American plants and animals from diverse environments. He studied organisms and their adaptations from places as different as the Brazilian jungle, the grasslands of the pampas, and the frigid land |
| Lyell ideas (14.1) | Argued that gradual geological processes have gradually shaped Earth overtime. |
| Malthus ideas (14.1) | Argued that human populations grow faster than the resources they depend on. |
| Descent with Modification (14.1) | accumulation of different modifications, or adaptations, to diverse ways of life. |
| Natural Selection (14.1) | The process by which evolution occurs. |
| Population numbers and variation (14.3) | Within a population there are different variations of species. |
| Artificial Selection (14.3) | the selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to produce offspring with genetic traits that humans value. |
| How do pesticides show natural selection? (14.3) | pesticide does not create resistant individuals, but selects for resistant insects that are already present in the population. |
| How does natural selection cause the sickle cell allele to stay in some populations? (14.5) | Individuals with just one copy of the sickle cell allele are resistant to the disease malaria. This resistance is an important advantage in environments where malaria is a major cause of death in infants. |
| How does antibiotic resistance evolve in bacteria (14.5) | evolves by natural selection |
| Gene pool (14.4) | all of the alleles in all the individuals that make-up a population. |
| What processes leads to genetic variation? (14.4) | natural selection |
| Frequency of alleles (14.4) | |
| Microevolution (14.4) | evolution of the smallest scale a generation-to-generation change in the frequencies of alleles within a population. |
| Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (14.4) | equilibrium of a gene pool means that the frequency of alleles in that gene pool are constant over time. |
| Genetic Drift (14.4) | a change in the gene pool of a population due to a chance. |
| Gene Flow (14.4) | exchange of genes with another population |
| Mutation (14.4) | Change in DNA sequence. |
| How does natural selection lead to fitness (14.4) | You have to be fit to adapt to your enviroment |
| Explain Peter and Rosemary Grants study (14.4) | The study f the beaks of meadium finches and large finches, and their ability to eat seeds. |
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rendra2
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